ON THIS DAY

1613: Michael Romanov, son of the patriarch of Moscow, is elected tsar of Russia, thus founding the House of Romanov.

1838: American Samuel Morse gives the first demonstration of the telegram in New York.

1922: British protectorate in Egypt ends.

1925: The New Yorker magazine makes its debut.

1965: Former Black Muslim leader Malcolm X is shot and killed by Black Muslim assassins as he is about to address a rally in New York City.

1989: Playwright Vaclav Havel is convicted for his role in an officially banned rally in Czechoslovakia.

2016: Pope Francis calls for the worldwide abolition of the death penalty.

Nina Simone, US singer (1933-2003); Ron Clarke, Australian athlete and Gold Coast mayor (1937-2015); Alan Rickman, UK actor, (1946-2016)