Ukhanyikhanyi
ESIZUKULWANENI sanamuhla kungezwakala kusanganekwane ukuthi kukhona isinambuzane esikhanyayo uma sindiza ebusuku, okuthiwa wukhanyikhanyi. NgesiNgisi sibizwa nge-firefly. Lesi sinambuzane sikhona kuleli lizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ziningi izinhlobo zaso, singesomndeni wamaLampyridae, okungamabhungane ososayensi abawabiza nge-Coleoptera. Abacwaningi bazilinganisela ezi-2000 ubuningi izinhlobo zaso.
BATHOLAKALA KUPHI
Batholakala ezindaweni ezingashisi kakhulu futhi ezingabandi kakhulu. Bathanda amaxhaphozi wona anenala yokudla okudingwa yizibungu zokhanyikhanyi.
Izibungu lezi zinokukhanya okwenza zibizwe nge- glow worms. Izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sinambuzane ziyandiza kodwa ezinye izinhlobo izinsikazi zazo kazikwazi ukundiza.
UKUBUKEKA KWAWO
Okhanyikhanyi bavame ukuba nemizimba ethambile ensundu umbala. Izinsikazi eziseyizibungu zibonakala ngokwehluka kwezinye ngokuba namehlo amakhulu abizwa ngecompound eyes.
UKUKHANYISA
Ukukhanyisa yiyonanto esidume ngayo lesi sinambuzane okubizwa nge- bioluminescence ngolimi lwesayensi. Ngolimi oluvamile kuthiwa yi- cold light‚ okusho ukukhanya okungashisi. Lokhu kukhanya okudalwa ngamakhemikhali, kuba sezansi nesisu futhi kungaba nombala oluhlaza, ophuzi noma obomvu ngokuphaphathekile. Ukukhanyisa lokhu kwenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuxhumana okungaba wukwexwayisa ngengozi noma ukuzitholela “isithandwa”. Ukhanyikhanyi uhamba kusihlwa nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ezihamba emini. Lezi-ke kazikhanyisi kodwa zisebenzisa amakha ( pheromones) ukuze kube nokuxhumana.
UKUHAMBA NOKUDLA
Okhanyikhanyi bayahoba ebusika ngesikhathi beseyizibungu bese bephuma entwasahlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqeda ngisho unyaka ziho- bile. Zicasha emagxolweni emithi kanti ezinye zigubha imihhume enhlabathini. Emuva kwamasonto ambalwa zidla ezinye izinambuzane, iminenke nezimpethu, izibungu zingena esigabeni sokuba yiziphungumangathi isikhathi esiyisonto kuya kwamabili nengxenye, bese ziphuma lapho seziwokhanyikhanyi abadala.
Ukudla kukakhanyikhanyi osukhulile kuyehluka ngohlobo lwawo. Abanye bayazingela kanti abanye badla impova noma umpe lwezimbali. Kunohlobo olungenamlomo olubizwa nge- Lampyris noctiluca.
UKUZALANA
Ukhanyikhanyi osukhulile uphumela ngaphandle ehlobo futhi uchitha isikhathi sawo sasebusuku esiningi ngokweshela. Impilo yasebudaleni kakhanyikhanyi yimfushane.
Amaduna ayandiza akhanyise ngendlela eyehlukile uhlobo ngohlobo lwawo, okubonakala ngombala wokukhanya, ubude besikhathi sokukhanya, ukugqama kokukhanya nobuningi bezikhawu okuvela ngazo. Lokhu kuthi- ntene futhi nokusabela kwensikazi ekutholaneni komaqondana. Amaduna kuthiwa avame ukundiza ahlangabezane nomoya njengoba esuke ethungatha izinsikazi ngephunga. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba namaphiko amafushane kokunye kazibi nawo nhlobo. Iye yenanele iduna izihlalele khona lapho emacembeni ezihlahla noma etshanini. Emuva kokukhwelana insikazi izalela amaqanda enhlabathini eswakeme. Emuva kwamasonto amabili, kuchamusela izibungu ezinsundu umbala eziyizicaba. Ikhanda lincane linemihlathi egobile ebizwa nge- mandibles.
UBUDLELWANO NABANTU
Iningi labakhulele emakhaya lizokhumbula ukuthi ehlobo uma kusanda kushona ilanga, ukubona ukhanyikhanyi bekuyinto ethokozisayo futhi eyisimanga ezinganeni.
Ukubalandela nokubathinta bekwenza ube nemibuzo engapheli ngalesi simanga. Bekuye kuxake nje lapho usuwuthintile wase uyathola ukuthi kawushisi. Ngeshwa isibalo salesi sinambuzane siyancipha emhlabeni wonke njengoba kungasamangalisi ukuthi sebebaningi kulesi sizukulwane abangawazi ukhanyikhanyi.
Ngeshwa akekho oyaziyo imbangela yalokhu. Abacwaningi basola izinto ezimbili: izinhlobo eziningi zokhanyikhanyi izibungu zabo ziphila emfucuzeni yezihlahla nezinkuni emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi nemifudlana, kuthi uma zikhula ziqhubeke zihlale lapho zizalelwe khona.
Inkinga wukuthi indawo yabo iyancipha ngenxa yokuthathwa yizakhiwo zokuhlala abantu. Ukungcola kwendawo yemvelo ngenxa yezibulalazinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ngabantu (lokhu kuvamise ukuba kwenziwe ebusuku ngaso isikhathi sokundiza kokhanyikhanyi), nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngoba kudingeka izingodo nezinkuni - konke lokhu kusinciphisile kakhulu isibalo sokhanyikhanyi.
Olunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwendawo yemvelo yokhanyikhanyi, wukukhanyisa phandle kusihlwa njengoba sekwaqhakaza ugesi yonke indawo. Nalokhu kuyayithikameza impilo yokhanyikhanyi ngoba ukukhanyisa kwabo kwenza umsebenzi wezokuxhumana, okunye okudingeka ukuba kutholane “izithandani” ukuze bazalane bande phela.
BANGAVIKELWA KANJANI?
Kulokhu okuncane abacwaningi abacabangela kukho, kunethemba lokuthi uma kunqandwa izenzo zabantu ezisolwa ngokuba yimbangela yokuncipha kokhanyikhanyi, ingavinjwa ingozi yokuba bashabalale. Nazi-ke izaba ezinokwenziwa maqondana nalokhu:
Ukucisha izibani zangaphandle ebusuku. Makukhuthazwe ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza endaweni eyongiwe. Makwakhiwe amachibi ukuze izibungu zabo zithole indawo yokuhlala.
Makusetshenziswe ezinye izindlela zokubulala izinambuzane esikhundleni sobuthi.
Kungenzeka ezinye izi-nhlobo zomanyolo zibe yingozi, ngakho ukuvundisa ngevundela yikhona okuncomekayo.
Ungabugundi sonke isikhathi utshani obutshalwe egcekeni.
Yekela kube nengxenye enezihlahla endaweni yakho.
Xoxa nomakhelwane bakho ngabangakwenza njengawe ukuze yande indawo yokhanyikhanyi.
OBUNGAKWAZI NGOKHANYIKHANYI
* Ukhanyikhanyi kawusiyona imbungulu noma impukane, empeleni uwuhlobo oluthile lwebhungane. * Ukhanyikhanyi uyamangalisa ngendlela yawo yokukhanyisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukushisa. Empeleni ukukhanya kuvela ngokuthakeka kwamakhemikhali omzimba okwenza wonke amandla (100%) kube ngawokukhanyisa esikhundleni sokushisa.
* Ukhanyikhanyi “uxoxa” nomunye ngokusebenzisa khona ukukhanya lokhu.
* Nakuba ukukhanyisa kubonakala kulesi sinambuzane uma sesikhulile, kodwa abacwaningi sebathola ukuthi kuzona zonke izigaba zokukhula kwawo uyakwazi ukukhanyisa, kusukela eqandeni futhi kwenzeka impilo yawo yonke.
* Izinhlobo zalesi sinambuzane ezitholakala entshonalanga yeNorth America kazikhanyisi abanye baze bacabange ukuthi kusho ukuthi kazikho kule ngxenye yezwe kanti zikhona.
* Izibungu zikakhanyikhanyi zidla inyama kanti ehamba phambili ngeyeminenke.
* Insikazi neduna kukhanyisa ngezindlela zakhona ukubona ukuthi zilungelene yini ukuba zikhwelane.
* Insikazi yohlobo lwePhoturis iyizimuzimu ngokusobozela amaduna ezinye izinhlobo. Uyenga iduna ngokukhanyisa sengathi ifuna ukukhwelwa kanti izolidla - lokhu kubizwa nge- aggressive mimicry.
* Ososayensi sebathola indlela yokukhanyisa kukakhanyikhanyi ukuhlonza ama- cell ane- Tuberculosis emzimbeni.
* Kunohlobo lokhanyikhanyi olukwazi ukukhanyisa kanyekanye, okubizwa nge- simultanaeous bioluminiscence, luphindaphinda izikhathi eziningi. Lokhu kuthiwa kwenziwa yilabo abasengxenyeni eseningizimu-npumalanga ye-Asia naseGreat Smoky Mountains National Park e-United States of America
(USA). Kuthiwa njengengxenye yokuvikeleka kukakhanyikhanyi, kawunambitheki kahle ezitheni zawo kokunye ungaba nobuthi kuzona.
Kuthiwa lokhu kungenxa yezithako ama- steroid pyrone abizwa nge- lucibufagins ezithi mazifane nezitholakala ezingxangxeni.