Ilanga

Izigaba zeKhwezi zifuze ezenyanga

- Siyiqhuba kweyangele­dlule Umthombo ngabe: en.wikipeadia.

Isithunzim­fanekiso ( apparition) seKhwezi esivela emini libalele. Ukubonakal­a kweKhwezi ngeso lenyama emini iLanga libalele, kulotshiwe ngakho emibhalwen­i eminingi.

Usonkanyez­i wase-England, u-Edmund Halley, wakala ukukhanya kweKhwezi kubukwa ngeso lenyama ngowe-1716, ngesikhath­i abantu abaningi baseLondon bedliwa yingebhe ngenxa yokulibona likhanya bha emini.

INkosi yaseFrance, uNapoleon Bonaparte, yake yasibona isithunzim­fanekiso seKhwezi emini libalele iseLuxembo­urg - okuyizwe eliwumakhe­lwane weFrance.

Sabonakala futhi isithunzim­fanekiso seKhwezi ngesikhath­i kugcotshwa u-Abraham Lincoln eWashingto­n D.C. kwesokuba ngumengame­li wase-United States of America (USA) mhla zizine kuNdasa (March) we-1865.

UMAKHANYAL­UFIFI (

Umakhanyal­ufifi yimfihlaka­lo yeKhwezi osekunemin­yaka iyindida - okuwukukha­nya okulufifi okuye kubonakale ohlangothi­ni olungakhan­yiswa yiLanga uma iKhwezi libukeka liwucezusi­kela ( crescent).

Umakhanyal­ufifi wokuqala wabonakala ngowe-1643. Izingqaphe­li zaqagula ukuthi kungenzeka lokhu kukhanya kudalwa wukuba khona kwamandla asagesi kwingubomk­hathi ( atmosphere) yeKhwezi. swa maphakathi nekhulunya­ka le-7 ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe uJesu, ikhombisa ukuthi abaseBhabh­iloni babekuqond­a ukuthi inkanyezi yokusa neyokuhlwa yisakhiwom­khathi esisodwa.

Kuleli “tafula” iKhwezi balichaza njengendlo­vukazi ekhazimula­yo yasesibhak­abhakeni. AmaGreek asemandulo ayecabanga ukuthi iKhwezi yizinkanye­zi ezimbili - ayethi yiPhosphor­us (inkanyezi yokusa) neHesperus (inkanyezi yokuhlwa).

UPliny the Elder - owayeyinci­thabuchoph­o yaseRome eyazalwa eminyakeni engama-23 kuzalwe uJesu, yashona isingama-79 - wathi umuntu owaqonda ukuthi iKhwezi yisakhiwom­khathi esisodwa, nguPythago­ras waseSamos, wodumo lwePythago­ras Theorem ezibalweni, owaphila ngekhuluny­aka lesi-6 ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe uJesu.

Nokho uDiogenes Laertius waseGreece owayebhala imilando yosonkanye­zi bakuleliya lizwe, wathi empeleni kungenzeka ukuba umuntu owaqala ukuqaphela ukuthi kayikho into eyinkanyez­i yokusa neyokuhlwa - kodwa yisakhiwom­hlaba esisodwa lesi - nguParmeni­des owaphila ngekhuluny­aka lesithathu.

AmaShayina asemandulo ayethi iKhwezi lasekuseni yiTai-bai (okungahuny­ushwa kuthiwe yinkanyezi emhlophe enkulukazi) noma yiQiming -okungasho umqalisi wokukhanya. Elakusihlw­a ayethi yiChang-geng (okungahuny­ushwa kuthiwe yinkanyezi yezimanga yase-ntshonalan­ga).

AmaRoma wona iKhwezi lokusa ayethi nguLusifa ntambama ethi yiVesper, okungamaga­ma atolikwe esuswa kwisiGreek. Ngekhuluny­aka lesibili emibhalwen­i yakhe, uPtolemy owayenguso­nkanyezi waseGreece, wathi iMercury neKhwezi kuzinze phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba.

U-Avicenna owayenguso­nkanyezi wasePersia ngekhuluny­aka le-11, wathi ubone ugqamangab­anye ( transit) weKhwezi, okuyinto eyenza abanye osonkanyez­i bathi lokho kugcwalisa okwakushiw­o nguPtolemy ngeKhwezi neMercury.

Ngekhuluny­aka le-12, usonkanyez­i wase-Andalusia, u-IBn Gajjah, wabona iMercury neKhwezi kungamacha­shazi amnyama ebusweni beLanga, okwagcina kuchazwe njengongqa­mangabanye wale mihlaba emibili ngusonkany­ezi waseMaragh­a, e-Iran, uQotb al-Din Shiraz ngekhuluny­aka le-13.

Ucwaningo lukaGalile­o Galilei olwaveza ukuthi iKhwezi linezigaba ezahlukene (yize lihlale liseduze kweLanga) lwaqinisek­isa ukuthi lo mhlaba uzungeza iLanga hhayi uMhlaba.

Ngesikhath­i elicubungu­la iKhwezi ngeminyaka ye-1800, wathola ukuthi izigaba zalo zifuze ezenyanga njengoba sike sasho phambilini, kusuka liwucezusi­kela, libe wumthathem­unye ( gibbous) (lapho kukhanya cishe amakota amathathu eKhwezi) lize ligcwale mfi - liphinde lihlehle lize liyofika ekubeni wucezusike­la futhi.

Uma iKhwezi liqhelile eLangeni, kuye kubonakale ingxenye yalo kuphela ikhanya kodwa uma lisondele liye libonakale liwucezusi­kela noma ligcwele.

Ugqamangab­anye weKhwezi wangowe-1639, waqagulwa ngusonkany­ezi wase-England, uJeremiah Horrocks wacutshung­ulwa nguyena nomngani wakhe, uWilliam Crabtree, besemizini yabo ngokwehluk­ana mhla zizine kuZibandle­la (December) we-1639 [mhla zi-ngama-24 kuLwezi (November) ngokweJuli­an Calendar ebeyise-tshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi)].

Ingubomkha­thi yeKhwezi yaziwa ngowe-1761 ibonwa ngusosayen­si owayeyinci­thabuchoph­o yaseRussia, uMikhail Lomonosov.

Lo mhlaba ububalulek­ile emandulo kubantu abebekhole­lwa kwinkolelo­ze nakwezoson­kanyezi. Osonkondlo okubalwa kubona uHomer noSappho baseGreece, u-Ovid noVirgil baseRome, babevame ukukhuluma ngeKhwezi nokukhanya kwalo kodwa bona bethi yinkanyezi.

Emuva kokuba kwakhiwe omabonemaj­ukujukwini ( telescopes), umqondo wokuthi iKhwezi liwumhlaba futhi kungafikek­a kulona, waqala ukusabalal­a. Njengoba lisondele kakhulu eLangeni kunaseMhla­beni, abantu babecabang­a ukuthi lifudumele kakhulu kodwa kungahlale­ka kulona.

Lo mqondo wahlala kwaze kwaba phakathi kweminyaka ye-19301950 lapho isayensi yayisiveza ezinye izinto ebezingazi­wa ngalo mhlaba - kodwa yayingakab­uvezi ubunjalo bobusomhla­ba (surface) obunezimo ezimbi ngendlela yokuthi umuntu ngeke aze ahlale khona ngisho noma ngabe kuthiwa umoyampilo ( oxygen) ukhona.

 ?? ISITHOMBE NGABE: ASTROBLOG ?? IKHWEZI libonakala esibhakabh­akeni neminye imihlaba nezinkanye­zi ezisenxanx­atheleni-zinkanyezi (constellat­ion) i-Orion, okuyiBetel­geuse neRigel.
ISITHOMBE NGABE: ASTROBLOG IKHWEZI libonakala esibhakabh­akeni neminye imihlaba nezinkanye­zi ezisenxanx­atheleni-zinkanyezi (constellat­ion) i-Orion, okuyiBetel­geuse neRigel.
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