Izigaba zeKhwezi zifuze ezenyanga
Isithunzimfanekiso ( apparition) seKhwezi esivela emini libalele. Ukubonakala kweKhwezi ngeso lenyama emini iLanga libalele, kulotshiwe ngakho emibhalweni eminingi.
Usonkanyezi wase-England, u-Edmund Halley, wakala ukukhanya kweKhwezi kubukwa ngeso lenyama ngowe-1716, ngesikhathi abantu abaningi baseLondon bedliwa yingebhe ngenxa yokulibona likhanya bha emini.
INkosi yaseFrance, uNapoleon Bonaparte, yake yasibona isithunzimfanekiso seKhwezi emini libalele iseLuxembourg - okuyizwe eliwumakhelwane weFrance.
Sabonakala futhi isithunzimfanekiso seKhwezi ngesikhathi kugcotshwa u-Abraham Lincoln eWashington D.C. kwesokuba ngumengameli wase-United States of America (USA) mhla zizine kuNdasa (March) we-1865.
UMAKHANYALUFIFI (
Umakhanyalufifi yimfihlakalo yeKhwezi osekuneminyaka iyindida - okuwukukhanya okulufifi okuye kubonakale ohlangothini olungakhanyiswa yiLanga uma iKhwezi libukeka liwucezusikela ( crescent).
Umakhanyalufifi wokuqala wabonakala ngowe-1643. Izingqapheli zaqagula ukuthi kungenzeka lokhu kukhanya kudalwa wukuba khona kwamandla asagesi kwingubomkhathi ( atmosphere) yeKhwezi. swa maphakathi nekhulunyaka le-7 ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe uJesu, ikhombisa ukuthi abaseBhabhiloni babekuqonda ukuthi inkanyezi yokusa neyokuhlwa yisakhiwomkhathi esisodwa.
Kuleli “tafula” iKhwezi balichaza njengendlovukazi ekhazimulayo yasesibhakabhakeni. AmaGreek asemandulo ayecabanga ukuthi iKhwezi yizinkanyezi ezimbili - ayethi yiPhosphorus (inkanyezi yokusa) neHesperus (inkanyezi yokuhlwa).
UPliny the Elder - owayeyincithabuchopho yaseRome eyazalwa eminyakeni engama-23 kuzalwe uJesu, yashona isingama-79 - wathi umuntu owaqonda ukuthi iKhwezi yisakhiwomkhathi esisodwa, nguPythagoras waseSamos, wodumo lwePythagoras Theorem ezibalweni, owaphila ngekhulunyaka lesi-6 ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe uJesu.
Nokho uDiogenes Laertius waseGreece owayebhala imilando yosonkanyezi bakuleliya lizwe, wathi empeleni kungenzeka ukuba umuntu owaqala ukuqaphela ukuthi kayikho into eyinkanyezi yokusa neyokuhlwa - kodwa yisakhiwomhlaba esisodwa lesi - nguParmenides owaphila ngekhulunyaka lesithathu.
AmaShayina asemandulo ayethi iKhwezi lasekuseni yiTai-bai (okungahunyushwa kuthiwe yinkanyezi emhlophe enkulukazi) noma yiQiming -okungasho umqalisi wokukhanya. Elakusihlwa ayethi yiChang-geng (okungahunyushwa kuthiwe yinkanyezi yezimanga yase-ntshonalanga).
AmaRoma wona iKhwezi lokusa ayethi nguLusifa ntambama ethi yiVesper, okungamagama atolikwe esuswa kwisiGreek. Ngekhulunyaka lesibili emibhalweni yakhe, uPtolemy owayengusonkanyezi waseGreece, wathi iMercury neKhwezi kuzinze phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba.
U-Avicenna owayengusonkanyezi wasePersia ngekhulunyaka le-11, wathi ubone ugqamangabanye ( transit) weKhwezi, okuyinto eyenza abanye osonkanyezi bathi lokho kugcwalisa okwakushiwo nguPtolemy ngeKhwezi neMercury.
Ngekhulunyaka le-12, usonkanyezi wase-Andalusia, u-IBn Gajjah, wabona iMercury neKhwezi kungamachashazi amnyama ebusweni beLanga, okwagcina kuchazwe njengongqamangabanye wale mihlaba emibili ngusonkanyezi waseMaragha, e-Iran, uQotb al-Din Shiraz ngekhulunyaka le-13.
Ucwaningo lukaGalileo Galilei olwaveza ukuthi iKhwezi linezigaba ezahlukene (yize lihlale liseduze kweLanga) lwaqinisekisa ukuthi lo mhlaba uzungeza iLanga hhayi uMhlaba.
Ngesikhathi elicubungula iKhwezi ngeminyaka ye-1800, wathola ukuthi izigaba zalo zifuze ezenyanga njengoba sike sasho phambilini, kusuka liwucezusikela, libe wumthathemunye ( gibbous) (lapho kukhanya cishe amakota amathathu eKhwezi) lize ligcwale mfi - liphinde lihlehle lize liyofika ekubeni wucezusikela futhi.
Uma iKhwezi liqhelile eLangeni, kuye kubonakale ingxenye yalo kuphela ikhanya kodwa uma lisondele liye libonakale liwucezusikela noma ligcwele.
Ugqamangabanye weKhwezi wangowe-1639, waqagulwa ngusonkanyezi wase-England, uJeremiah Horrocks wacutshungulwa nguyena nomngani wakhe, uWilliam Crabtree, besemizini yabo ngokwehlukana mhla zizine kuZibandlela (December) we-1639 [mhla zi-ngama-24 kuLwezi (November) ngokweJulian Calendar ebeyise-tshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi)].
Ingubomkhathi yeKhwezi yaziwa ngowe-1761 ibonwa ngusosayensi owayeyincithabuchopho yaseRussia, uMikhail Lomonosov.
Lo mhlaba ububalulekile emandulo kubantu abebekholelwa kwinkoleloze nakwezosonkanyezi. Osonkondlo okubalwa kubona uHomer noSappho baseGreece, u-Ovid noVirgil baseRome, babevame ukukhuluma ngeKhwezi nokukhanya kwalo kodwa bona bethi yinkanyezi.
Emuva kokuba kwakhiwe omabonemajukujukwini ( telescopes), umqondo wokuthi iKhwezi liwumhlaba futhi kungafikeka kulona, waqala ukusabalala. Njengoba lisondele kakhulu eLangeni kunaseMhlabeni, abantu babecabanga ukuthi lifudumele kakhulu kodwa kungahlaleka kulona.
Lo mqondo wahlala kwaze kwaba phakathi kweminyaka ye-19301950 lapho isayensi yayisiveza ezinye izinto ebezingaziwa ngalo mhlaba - kodwa yayingakabuvezi ubunjalo bobusomhlaba (surface) obunezimo ezimbi ngendlela yokuthi umuntu ngeke aze ahlale khona ngisho noma ngabe kuthiwa umoyampilo ( oxygen) ukhona.