... but rest of world is furious

China called on the US to ‘exercise restraint’. It said: ‘If all countries follow the example of the US, this will undoubtedly result in a serious impact on the international trade order.’

German foreign minister Sigmar Gabriel said the EU must respond ‘with determination’.

European Commission chief JeanClaude Juncker said the EU ‘will react firmly’ to defend its interests.

France said Washington could expect a ‘strong, unilateral and coordinated’ response from the EU.

Russia said: ‘Concern has been expressed in many EU capitals about this decision. We share this concern.’

Canada warned the tariffs would ‘impact both sides of the border’.

Australia said its biggest worry was now ‘retaliatory measures’ by other major economies.