Results they managed to overturn

2001 – The Irish rejected the EU’s Nice treaty by 54-46. The following year Ireland voted to accept it by 63-37 after receiving ‘reassurances’ from Brussels, particularly on defence

2005 – France and the Netherlands rejected the EU Constitution treaty. The proposals were repackaged as the Lisbon Treaty, which was passed without a poll in either country

2008 – Ireland rejects the Lisbon Treaty by 53-47. The following year Dublin caves in to pressure from Brussels to hold a second poll, which backs treaty 67-33

2015 – Greeks reject terms of an EU austerity package by 61-39. Greek leaders and EU ignore result and push cuts through