Rail service comparison

Spain — State-owned Renfe Operadora owns the trains and operates the bulk of services, while state-owned ADIF manages the infrastructure.

Sweden — Publiclyowned infrastructure, “open-access” at national level, but regional services controlled by councils.

Japan — Mainly privatised, with public funding for some rural and high-speed lines.

Canada — nationalised, run by VIA Rail Canada.

France — nationalised. Services run by SNCF.

Germany — nationalised, Deutsche Bahn.

USA — passenger services state-run by Amtrak, but operates on private train lines.