NOW & THEN

2 On this day in 1831, scientist Michael Faraday (pictured circa 1860) showed that he could produce electricity from magnetism with the first transformer bombings that killed 21 people, had their cases considered by the Court of Appeal for the third time. They were eventually released.

1994: Israel struck an outline deal with the PLO on selfgovernment for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Jericho.

1995: Eduard Shevardnadze, president of Georgia, survived a bomb assassination attempt.

2003: Alastair Campbell resigned as prime minister Tony Blair’s director of communications following the death of the government’s chief weapons inspector, Doctor David Kelly, and its row with the BBC over the war in Iraq.

2005: Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans, causing massive flooding and thousands of deaths.

2017: Kezia Dugdale resigned as Scottish Labour Party leader.