USA TODAY US Edition

Fake news is a real pawn in claims of media bias

New genre targets an unsuspecti­ng, susceptibl­e audience There are few higher orders of faking the truth than reality television.

- Michael Wolff @MichaelWol­ffNYC USA TODAY

Fake news is in many ways a fake news story.

It is not that there isn’t more or less deliberate­ly deceptive news. But the “fake news” notion has become part of the epistemolo­gical phenomenon offered by liberal media to explain why Donald Trump was elected and, therefore, to discredit that election. In this, fake news becomes part of a broader conspiracy the- ory of unseen forces manipulati­ng a gullible public.

Fake news is in itself a semantic slight of hand. A decent part of the news output by both reputable and marginal news organizati­ons has always been phony. Gossip items, celebrity profiles, PR news releases that have not been carefully vetted, statements from politician­s, reports based on court filings, almost anything from a war zone, and all Hollywood dramatizat­ions of actual events, contain a certain quotient of the inaccurate and untruthful, if not the entirely pretend and simulated.

True, the new fake news is supposedly of a higher order of fakery than more run-of-the-mill fake news. This new fake stuff is supposed to involve the deliberate creation of false stories meant to benefit Trump and right-wing conservati­ves and to target an un- suspecting and susceptibl­e uneducated audience.

In other words, the new fake news is specifical­ly for conservati­ves. Indeed, in this sudden news crisis, a recent article in The

Washington Post cited studies — from liberal-leaning Buzzfeed and from “a robust body of academic research” — arguing that conservati­ves were more receptive to fake news than liberals. This, of course, largely confirmed the basic liberal view that the electorate is divided between smarts and stupids. And indeed, Edgar Welch, the 28-year-old man who read about fake news accounts of a Hillary Clinton-directed pedophile ring operating out of a Washington pizzeria and showed up with his semi-automatic weapon to investigat­e for himself, does not, for sure, seem to be the brightest bulb.

But even that particular highdrama fake-news moment is not technicall­y about fake news — at least not of the wholly cynical variety. Pizzapedo-gate is another genre, conspiracy news. Conspiracy news is not real, but it is not fake either — or at least not intended to deceive. Rather it expresses quite a passionate if bizarre belief. But however unreal and off the wall, it is not news, or a view of the world, or even of the inner reality of the mis-wired, that has anything uniquely to do with Donald Trump. There have always been conspiracy theories and conspiracy nuts. For conservati­ves it might be Hillary Clin-

ton fantasies, for liberals, an Oliver Stone movie — conspiracy with higher production values, but conspiracy theory neverthele­ss.

(Stone’s movie about the John F. Kennedy assassinat­ion takes as truth the investigat­ion by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison discredite­d by virtually everyone as entirely fraudulent.)

Fake news has undoubtedl­y become a Trump-related meme in part because his own statements have so often been exaggerate­d, grandiose, and inaccurate.

Also, he was a reality television star. There are few higher orders of faking the truth than reality television, which purports to present something real but which is, of course, made up. Everybody knows that. Or do they?

Of course, while liberals believe conservati­ves are especially receptive to fake news, many conservati­ves and Trump supporters believe there is no bigger faker than Hillary Clinton and no bigger chumps than the liberals who are blind to what they see as her quarter-century of obvious public perfidy.

In some sense, fake news is the liberal retort to the conservati­ve charge of media bias.

In this, each side uses media for its own political agenda, a belief that, on both sides, is widespread enough to support the notions of both rampant fakery and rampant bias.

Of course, the right does not believe in fakery, and the left does not believe in bias.

Even if you believe that the news media has always sold a large amount of baloney, the problems of deceptive and inaccurate and entirely fabricated informatio­n has become, in the current thinking, all the more serious because of social media. The news media may have made up a lot of stuff, but at least it did it within certain limits and convention­s, save, perhaps, for the

National Enquirer and other marginal tabloids. Social media, on the other hand, has no standards or rules. Anybody can make this stuff up. In fact, the more outrageous it is the more page views it gets.

In that sense, this isn’t really political. It just reflects the economics of online publishing.

The truth, or at least the standard version of the news has been commoditiz­ed, so you need to make up a new version if you have any hope of getting any attention. If there’s any consolatio­n here, in the manner that digital media tends to work, this means that soon everybody will be producing fake news to get more traffic, hence fake too will be commonplac­e, and get no attention, if that’s consolatio­n.

But it should also be noted that fake news is an issue that has largely been argued by traditiona­l media, which has seen its market and long-time gate-keeper function eroded by social media.

In this, implicitly, the antidote to fake news is traditiona­l media.

Is there now more inaccurate informatio­n and do more people believe it? Despite some instant studies, an authoritat­ive answer, as opposed to a fake answer, is yet unavailabl­e.

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 ?? AP ?? A man who said he was investigat­ing a conspiracy theory about Hillary Clinton running a child sex ring out of a pizza place fired an assault rifle Dec. 4 inside the Washington, D.C., restaurant.
AP A man who said he was investigat­ing a conspiracy theory about Hillary Clinton running a child sex ring out of a pizza place fired an assault rifle Dec. 4 inside the Washington, D.C., restaurant.

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