In Syria, U.S. confronts ‘Iranian expansionism’
Both countries mulling strategies for after ISIS defeated
Recent clashes between the United States and Iranian-backed forces in Syria highlight a broader struggle as Iran attempts to maintain its influence in the region, despite the growing presence of forces armed by the U.S.-led coalition.
The military actions show the Trump administration’s willingness to confront Iran when needed in the six-year Syrian conflict, analysts said.
“The underlying problem is Iranian expansionism,” said James Jeffrey, a former U.S. ambassador to Iraq with extensive experience in the region. The Iranians are worried about who will fill the power vacuum after the defeat of the Islamic State, which is steadily losing territory, he said.
Jeffrey said the administration grapples with developing a strategy that takes into account efforts to blunt Iran’s actions to expand its influence at the same time the U.S. military is focused on defeating the Islamic State, also known as ISIS. “They believe Iran must be contained, but what they haven’t worked out is the implications of that,” Jeffrey said.
Iranian-backed forces probably will continue to challenge the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), an alliance of about 50,000 troops that the U.S.-led coalition trained and equipped to combat ISIS.
The Iranians want to hold “an arc of influence” that runs from Iran through Iraq and Syria into Lebanon, said Jack Keane, a retired four-star Army general. “If that ground ends up held by U.S.- backed forces, that interferes with their strategic plans.”
In recent weeks, the United States shot down two Iranianbuilt armed drones and a Syrian aircraft over Syria. U.S. aircraft have attacked ground forces around a coalition outpost in southeastern Syria.
The Pentagon described the attacks as defensive to protect the SDF, which were threatened by the armed drones and the Syrian warplane. The drones were shot down by U.S.-aircraft around alTanf, an outpost in southeastern Syria where U.S. and coalition advisers support elements of the SDF.
“The coalition will not allow pro-regime aircraft to threaten or approach in close proximity to coalition and partnered forces,” the Pentagon said in a statement this week after a U.S. F-15 shot down the Shaheed-129 drone.
Iran and Russia back the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad. The United States said it is not opposing Assad militarily and is focusing on combating ISIS in Syria.
“The coalition calls on all parties to focus their efforts on the defeat of ISIS, which is our common enemy and the greatest threat to regional and worldwide peace and security,” the Pentagon statement said.
Russia criticized the recent U.S. actions and threatened to cut off a special communication hotline with coalition forces after an American warplane shot down the Syrian aircraft near Raqqa on Sunday.
Analysts said it is Iran directly challenging U.S. forces, because controlling territory between Iran and Lebanon is critical to its strategic objectives. “The Russians are very satisfied with what they have accomplished,” Keane said. “Assad is now in power indefinitely, and they have a new strategic asset in the Middle East, an airbase in Syria.”
Assad’s military has been worn down by the civil war, and Iran has assumed a major role in defending the regime. Tehran has dispatched Hezbollah militia, its Quds forces and conventional Iranian units.