ONCE WE WERE SLAVES

The Extraordinary Journey of a Multi-racial Jewish Family

Laura Arnold Leibman, Oxford University Press (AUG 9) Hardcover $27.95 (296pp) 978-0-19-753047-4, HISTORY

Discussions about, and popular understandings of, American Jews often belie the true diversity of the US’S community, as is evinced in Once We Were Slaves. Laura Arnold Leibman’s biography traces a preeminent American Jewish family to its roots, which are Sephardic, Black, and Caribbean.

Though they were born into slavery, with one parent on each side of the divide, Isaac and Sarah Brandon edged into Barbados society, were manumitted into freedom, traveled to Suriname, and converted in a Portuguese synagogue. Later, Sarah accompanied her father to London, remaking herself as a Jewish heiress and marrying into a merchant family. She arrived in New York as a respected member of the Jewish community.

For a while, Isaac remained in Barbados, working to eke out equality for Jews of color in its society. When these efforts failed, he, too, made his way north, where he partnered with his brother-in-law in business and became a full synagogue member. Still, he later returned to the Barbados community that had rejected him in his youth.

These are the bones of their story; as Leibman’s text shows, the particulars are more complex. Her accounts of racially motivated tiffs and restrictions within Caribbean, South American, and early US Jewish communities include bitter battles and pettiness aplenty, showing how many nuances the Brandons had to navigate to achieve acceptance among their peers. Traversing the line between slave and free also led to oddities of inheritance: at one point, the siblings were willed their still enslaved great-grandmother.

Though undeniably academic, Once We Were Slaves is an engaging work of historical scholarship that follows a family through its rises and collapses of fortune and, in the process, strips away damaging misconceptions about the homogeneity of America’s Jewish community.