Quick-fire questions

Will reinstalling Monterey make it any faster?

> For your Mac to start up successfully from Big Sur or Monterey, the contents of its System volume are checked using a hierarchy of secure hashes, each guaranteeing the integrity of its files. Reinstalling the system would create exactly the same as you have now, and doesn’t work as in older macOS.

How to check file integrity in an APFS backup?

> When backing up to an HFS+ volume using Time Machine, holding the ⌥ key when opening the Time Machine menu item offers to verify backups, and the Terminal command ‘tmutil verifychecksums’ does the same. Neither of those works with backups on APFS volumes, though, and there’s no substitute.