Partitions, volumes, containers
The differences explained
Partitions are logical divisions of the drive, while volumes are organised areas of storage. If you think of a drive as a filing cabinet, a partition is a drawer in the cabinet. Cabinets can have one or more drawers. Volumes can be a single drawer or they can be groups of drawers. In HFS+, you must specify the size of a volume when you create it. Containers are also logical divisions of the drives but when you create volumes in a container in APFS, macOS allocates space to those volumes based on the available capacity on the drive. However, you can specify a minimum, or Reserve Size, and maximum, or Quota Size.