Science Illustrated

Wrapping With Extremely Long Life

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A plastic bottle left in nature will be broken down over time – but it will take hundreds of years to split the material into individual molecules.

1 MILLION YEARS GLASS BOTTLE

Glass bottles consist of silicon dioxide, oxygen, and metals, which react with each other to form an integral structure, when the substances are heated. Over time, the structure breaks down into its constituen­t parts, but the main ingredient, silicon dioxide, is an extremely stable substance, when it forms part of glass, so the breakdown takes very long.

4-500 YRS. PLASTIC BOTTLE

Plastic is typically made of af propylene, which forms part of crude oil, whose molecules are linked in long chains – polymers – when heated. Natural microorgan­isms cannot break down the chains. Instead, they are destroyed by sunlight, whose energy splits the chains into individual molecules.

2 YEARS MILK CARTON

The main ingredient of milk cartons is cellulose from wood, which can be broken down by natural microorgan­isms. The process takes longer than the breakdown of plants, etc., as the structure of cellulose and lignin is hard to penetrate.

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