Study nixes life in clouds of Venus, but maybe in Jupiter’s

PARIS: A new study is throwing cold water on the possibility of life in the clouds of Venus.

Scientists from Europe and the US reported on Monday there isn’t nearly enough water vapor in the scorching planet’s clouds to support life as we know it.

The team looked into the mater following September’s surprise announcement by others that strange, tiny organisms could be lurking in the thick, sulfuric acid-filled clouds of Venus. Through spacecrat observations, the latest research group found the water level is more than 100 times too low to support Earth-like life.

“It’s almost at the botom of the scale and an unbridgeable distance from what life requires to be active,” said the lead author, John Hallsworth, a microbiologist at Queen’s University Belfast in Northern Ireland.

His team looked at the most dry-tolerant and also the most acid-tolerant microbes on Earth - and they “wouldn’t stand a chance in Venus.”

While the latest findings veto Venus at least for water-based organisms, they identify another planet - Jupiter - with enough water in the clouds and the right atmospheric temperatures to support life.

“Now I’m not suggesting there’s life on Jupiter and I’m not even suggesting life could be there because it would need the nutrients to be there and we can’t be sure of that,” Hallsworth stressed to reporters. “But still it’s a profound and exciting finding and totally unexpected.”

Further studies will be needed to ascertain whether microbial life might exist deep in the clouds of Jupiter, according to Hallsworth and Nasa astrobiologist Chris Mckay, a co-author on the research paper published Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy.

As for Venus, three new spacecrat will be headed there later this decade and early next - two by Nasa and one by the European Space Agency. Hallsworth and and Mckay don’t expect their results to change regarding uninhabitable water activity at our solar system’s hotest planet.

“It’s unfortunate because I’m very interested in searching for life on other worlds and I would love to think that Venus is habitable,” Mckay said.

The scientists behind the September study possibly hinting at life in the Vesuvian clouds based their findings on the presence of the toxic gas phosphine. On Earth, it’s associated with life. The researchers argued that Venus’ phosphine levels are too high to be geologic in origin.

“We are not trying to push Venus as a definitely habitable world. So far all conventional interpretations say Venus is inhabitable!” said Massachusets Institute of Technology astrophysicist Sara Seager, part of the September team.

Regarding the latest study, “we are tremendously enthusiastic about leaving no stone unturned, in case there is life on Venus,” she added in an email.

There’s always the possibility that any life in Venus’ clouds — if it exists — could be totally unlike anything on Earth and adapted to the hothouse planet’s extremely hot and harsh conditions, according to scientists.

“If there is life in the clouds of Venus, then this life has to be ‘Life as we do not know it,’ said astrobiologist Janusz Petkowski, a colleague of Seager’s at MIT. “The question is how different that life can be?”

On the other hand, China aims to send its first crewed mission to Mars in 2033, with regular follow-up flights to follow, under a long-term plan to build a permanently inhabited base on the Red Planet and extract its resources.

The ambitious plan, which will intensify a race with the United States to plant humans on Mars, was disclosed in detail for the first time ater China landed a robotic rover on Mars in mid-may in its inaugural mission to the planet.

Crewed launches to Mars are planned for 2033, 2035, 2037, 2041 and beyond, the head of China’s main rocket maker, Wang Xiaojun, told a space exploration conference in Russia recently by video link.

Before the crewed missions begin, China will send robots to Mars to study possible sites for the base and to build systems to extract resources there, the official China Space News reported on Wednesday, citing Wang, who is head of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.

For human inhabitation on Mars, crews would have to be able to use the planet’s resources, such as extracting any water beneath its surface, generatingoxygenon-siteandproducingelectricity.

China must also develop technology to fly astronauts back to Earth.

An uncrewed round-trip mission to acquire soil samples from the planet is expected by the end of 2030.

The US space agency Nasa has been developing technology to get a crew to Mars and back sometime in the 2030s.

China’s Mars plan envisages fleets of spacecrat shutling between Earth and Mars and major development of its resources, Wang said.

To shorten the travel time, spacecrat would have to tap energy released from nuclear reactions in the form of heat and electricity, in addition to traditional chemical propellants, Wang said.

China would have to accomplish round trips with a total flight time of “a few hundred days”, he said.