AFRICA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR MUST TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate finance and Covid-19

Climate finance is even more important in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, where calls for a green and inclusive recovery are being echoed by concerned decision-makers across the world, including in Africa.

For example, 23 former central bank governors and finance ministries from around the world, including Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Kenya, India, South Africa and Bangladesh issued a “statement on debt relief for a green and inclusive recovery”.

A coalition of finance ministers on climate was formed in 2019 aiming to “bring together fiscal and economic policymakers from over 50 countries in leading the global climate response and in securing a just transition towards low-carbon resilient development”.

The coalition includes ministers from seven African countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Madagascar) that together made up 33percent of Africa’s 2019 nominal GDP. Of particular relevance to businesses in these countries is that the coalition aims to “mobilise private sources of climate finance by facilitating investments and the development of a financial sector which supports climate mitigation and adaptation”. Multi-stakeholder engagement and collaboration are therefore critical for countries to achieve their desired climate objectives and an optimal financial sector legal and policy framework. Some examples of note in Africa include Kenya’s 2018 National Policy on Climate Finance, which was developed following a series of country-wide consultations and aims to address Kenya’s ability “to mobilise and effectively manage and track adequate and predictable climate change finance”.

Another example is South Africa’s National Climate Finance Strategy, which is currently under development, and aims to “provide a stimulus for collaborative action by government, [the] private sector and civil society, to respond to South Africa’s climate change priorities and realise its sustainable development goals”.

Financial sector must play a role

ZeniZeni Sustainable Finance supported early work on the development of the strategy, and it was evident that while the government can work towards establishing the enabling environment for necessary investments to take place, the strategy needs the input of the business sector and civil society actors to be implementable.

For example, how can smallholder farmers be supported to adopt climate smart, regenerative agricultural practices? What would the costs and capacity-building needs of such a strategy be? Or, as high electricity users, what contribution can the mining sector make to significantly increase the amount of electricity that is generated from renewable sources such as wind or solar power? And, what role can the financial sector play in facilitating this?

These are all important questions that government cannot answer alone. While not every country has chosen to develop a national climate finance strategy, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change provides scope for this within the finance component of the “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) that all African countries as signatories to the Paris Agreement are required to update before COP26. For example, Kenya’s updated 2020 NDC states that of the $62bn required for adaptation and mitigation up to 2030, 13percent will come from its own resources, with the balance needing to come from international support.

Africa’s financial sector decisionmakers need to take a permanent seat at the continent’s climate change negotiating table to take advantage of the renewed global focus on climate finance and chart a path that results in relevant climate solutions for the continent.

* Malango Mughogho is managing director of ZeniZeni Sustainable Finance.

* Jacqueline Musiitwa is a senior associate at ZeniZeni Sustainable Finance.