Climate change causes decline in wildlife

The planet is becoming increasingly hostile for wildlife, with new research indicating a 69 percent decline in populations worldwide.

This is according to the Living Planet Index, a report published by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Zoological Society of London. Chief Scientist at the World Wildlife Fund for Nature and author of the index report, Rebecca Shaw said that “the Living Planet Index is a contemporary view on the health of the populations that underpin the functioning of nature across the planet.” The index has data on wildlife populations from 1970 to 2018. This information is based on the monitoring of almost 32 000 populations of 5 230 vertebrate species but the study only looked at vertebrates and not invertebrates, which make up the majority of species. “Preventing further biodiversity loss and restoring vital ecosystems has to be at the top of global agendas to tackle the mounting climate, environmental and public health crises.”

Director and Project Coordinator of Habu Elephant Development Trust (HEDT), Mogadi Masedi said that integrating wildlife into the rural community is key to its survival and the protection of natural biodiversity. She added that it is the integration of wildlife into rural economies that ensured that Southern Africa developed the healthiest wildlife populations and habitat.

According to Masedi, in recent years, many communities in the north-west of Botswana have felt the impacts of climate change, which has threatened livelihoods. “The rainfalls have recharged groundwater systems, and they are taking this opportunity to utilise the groundwater reserves.” Masedi noted that the only challenge is that numerous state-protected areas exist, the majority of wildlife space lies outside of these, and this range is just over 60 percent for southern Africa, and it is in these rural areas that 63 percent of Africa’s poorest people live.

“They bear the costs of living with wildlife yet the rest of the world enjoys the bulk of the benefits,” he added. Government through the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism, has also reiterated the need to improve climate resilience and work with local communities to achieve this. Minister Philda Kereng has said that it’s important to implement a holistic approach.

“The Ministry is working on community models that consider protecting biodiversity, natural ecosystems and human communities, through zoning in on their vulnerabilities and capacities and helping them find sustainable means to adapt to climate change.”