Africa is set to become a global lithium powerhouse

Africa’s first major lithium project without Chinese funding is set to bolster US ambitions of developing its own battery-making industry.

Half of the output from Ghana’s Ewoyaa mine, being built by Australia’s Atlantic Lithium, is earmarked for a refinery that Piedmont Lithium plans to construct in Tennessee. Piedmont is Atlantic Lithium’s second-largest shareholder and has agreed to provide most of the funds for the project.

“Our investment in Ewoyaa will help alleviate potential future US supply constraints and provide crucial resources to help reduce America’s dependence on foreign nations, like China,” Piedmont CEO Keith Phillips said in an e-mailed response to questions.

China is pouring investment into lithium mines in Zimbabwe, Mali and the Democratic Republic of Congo to secure the battery metals for its dominant electric vehicle industry. The supply of critical battery materials — including lithium, nickel and cobalt — is gaining greater urgency amid wild swings in prices and the US administration’s push for companies to reduce their reliance on China.

While lithium prices have fallen back from last year’s peak, the race for the battery metal has lured mining heavyweights, car makers and even oil majors.

A projected shortfall from 2025, as demand from EVs surges, is driving the search for new supplies.

Piedmont was prepared to accept an equal share in the Ghanaian project, whereas potential Chinese backers wanted a controlling stake, Atlantic Lithium CEO Keith Muller said in an interview last week. The US firm, which supplies Tesla and LG Chem, exercised an option in August to acquire an initial 22.5percent stake in Ewoyaa and committed to fund the first US$70-million required to develop the asset. It will also provide half of the additional costs thereafter. Ewoyaa, Africa’s third-biggest lithium project under development, will take advantage of US President Joe Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act, which offers tax credits to support the EV supply chain in the US.

“What the IRA does for me is it gives me certainty that 50percent of my offtake is going into a hydroxide facility that’s destined for incentivised battery conversion,” Muller said.

Mines across Africa are forecast to increase lithium output more than 70fold by 2030, compared with last year’s volume, according to BloombergNEF. That would increase Africa’s share of global supply to 14percent from 1percent .

Lithium prices are crashingAtlantic Lithium, which is still awaiting an environmental permit, aims to produce its first concentrate at Ewoyaa in the second quarter of 2025. Industrial scale output will only start in 2026 with a projected production of 36 000t of lithium carbonate equivalent — enough to power about 800 000 Tesla Model 3s.

The company is considering processing feldspar — a byproduct of mining that’s used in ceramics and tiles — as well as producing higher-value lithium chemicals from the output not destined for Piedmont, Muller said.