THE SUN DOCTOR Sun

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Dear Sun Doc

What causes gout? If someone gets it, can they be cured?

Wangu

Dear Wangu

Gout occurs when there is accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints or tendons. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are a part of some foods. Uric acid builds up if a lot of it is produced and the body is unable to handle it as it should.

The excess then builds up and is deposited in joints, causing inflammation.

Most times, the pain develops very quickly, maybe overnight, and the affected joint is warm, swollen and red. The most common joint that is affected is at the base of the big toe. Other joints can also be affected, for example ankles, knees, wrists, fingers, elbows, etc. The pain is severe for several hours or days, then it starts to subside. There are usually repeat attacks later on.

There is a higher risk of developing gout if someone in your family has it, or if you are male or a menopausal woman, and if you are older in age. Other risk factors include obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, kidney disease and hypertension. Some medications also increase the risk of getting gout.

There are medications to reduce the uric acid levels and also medication to reduce the pain and inflammation. You may be advised to take the uric acid lowering medication for a long time.

To prevent gout attacks, take a lot of fluids, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, take a balanced diet with a lot of vegetables and dairy products, minimise on foods with high purine content like meat, sea food and organ meats (like liver and kidneys), reduce alcohol intake, avoid sugary drinks and snacks, and stop smoking.