2019 EDUCATION GUIDE
UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OR BOOT CAMP? TECH SCHOOL DECODED
Jennifer Waldern is going places. On a brisk December day, the seagulls on Vancouver’s Granville Island squawk around her as she soaks in some last sights of the city. Next week the 2013 UBC computer science graduate is moving to a new job at Microsoft Corp.’s main campus in Redmond, Washington. There, Waldern will take a hybrid role as a software engineer and data scientist. It’s an exciting step in a career with endless possibilities.
She thinks she might one day move into a research position or perhaps take a leadership path. Waldern is open to anything if it feels right. But for now, she’s excited to build her skills and portfolio at Microsoft, which will open up further opportunities. “I think I can keep growing,” she says.
Waldern’s education and skill set put her on her enviable career track. Technology has become so important to every facet of the economy that computer-related skills of all kinds are in hot demand. That’s particularly true in B.C.’S tech sector. The BC Tech Association estimates the industry will require an additional 47,000 workers by 2021, but 30,500 of those jobs will remain vacant.
There are openings at every level, from junior software developers and systems administrators to senior managers and executives. There are opportunities for a wide range of aptitudes, including creative designers, analytical data scientists, logically minded engineers, and communications-savvy managers. Companies of every size, from small startups to multinational corporations, are hungry for talent.
The number of educational options is sprawling to prepare people for the widening array of tech careers. Waldern’s alma mater, UBC, founded its computer science department in 1968 and has since been joined by dozens of public and private institutions offering programs ranging from short-term boot camps to Phds. Some cover a wide range of fields, while others specialize in narrow niches. There are programs
Jennifer Waldern started in a multidisciplinary cognitive science program but quickly turned her full attention to computer science. “I was worried I was going to graduate with this multidisciplinary degree and not have a good grasp of the fundamentals”
designed to help students build a strong theoretical foundation, and those that provide them with applied knowledge for the workplace.
Traditionally, four-year university computer-science undergraduate degrees gave students breadth and depth of knowledge. Technical institutions like BCIT and community colleges such as Langara College focused on applied skills development for specific roles within industry, commonly through one- and two-year programs.
Coding boot camps are the newest entrants to the technology education field, coming into existence around 2011. These privately run schools offer immersive, narrowly targeted programs that typically run over several months and appeal to students seeking a quick boost to their careers. Vancouver-based Lighthouse Labs, for example, promises to turn dedicated neophytes into junior web or IOS developers with its 10-week, fulltime programs.
There’s some overlap among these different types of institutions when it comes to the subjects they teach and how they teach them. All provide students with theoretical and applied knowledge, even if they mostly lean in one direction or another. However, just as there’s no one-size-fits-all tech career, there isn’t a single educational path that’s best for everyone. Finding the right one requires figuring out what best suits a student’s ambitions, abilities and situation in life. Employers, too, have different opinions about which skills and credentials best suit their needs. Some companies want people with the Phd-level theoretical knowledge necessary to drive innovation, while others look for candidates with hands-on experience building software projects and working in teams.
school in a multidisciplinary cognitive science program but quickly turned her full attention to computer science. She wanted to understand computing from top to bottom rather than skim the surface of several topics. “I was worried I was going to graduate with this multidisciplinary degree and not really have a good grasp of the fundamentals,” Waldern explains.
For students, a university degree offers an opportunity to explore different areas of interest and draw knowledge from them. Computer science majors at UBC, for example, can choose from a variety of courses within and outside the computer science department, or combine their major with that of another science like biology or math. At the same time, universities provide the best opportunities to dig into a subject like Waldern did.
For many employers, that depth of understanding is a compelling reason to hire university graduates over candidates from colleges and boot camps. Kory Fawcett is founder and CEO of Zaui Software, a Vancouver-based maker of reservation software for the tourism industry. The company has 25 employees and is looking to add 15 more by May. Zaui interviews prospective software developers with all kinds of backgrounds, but Fawcett finds university grads more likely to pass the interviews and screening process.
“We lean on the people who have the academic skills because there is a level of consistency right out of the gate,” he says. “There’s an underlying level of understanding of technology that becomes baked in with people who graduate from university.”
Computer science students don’t just learn how to write software—they’re taught the physical, mathematical and architectural underpinnings of computation. That kind of knowledge helps graduates understand how to solve technology problems, regardless of whether they’re developing a simple iphone app or an automated car.
tral focus of the School of Computing and Academic Studies, home to more than 250 courses and 40 different programs.
“We don’t teach computer science,” emphasizes Bethany Edmunds, BCIT’S associate dean of computing. “We teach software development.”
The school’s grads aren’t likely to work for Google developing new machinelearning algorithms, but they will learn how to use tools Google’s computer scientists and others create. “Computer science is coming up with solutions to large problems,” Edmunds explains. “We don’t do a lot of that.”
BCIT has two flagship, full-time, two-year computing programs: a computer systems technology ( CST) diploma and a computer information technology ( CIT) diploma. The CST diploma trains students to become software developers—people who design and write computer applications—and is highly regarded in the industry.
The CIT diploma prepares students to become IT professionals such as network administrators and system integrators. It’s meant for people who enjoy configuring software and hardware as much as they like coding.
The institute also offers numerous part-time and shorter, fast-track full-time computing programs, such as its applied data analytics and technical web designer certificates. All of its programs are geared toward hands-on learning about the indus- try’s best practices. Students work alone and in teams to build projects as they would once they enter the workforce.
Michael Irvine was a Vancouver photographer and graphic designer looking to add web development to his portfolio of creative skills. He graduated last year from BCIT’S sixmonth technical web designer certificate program and now works as a hybrid web designer and front-end developer—that is, he builds the user-facing parts of websites that people see and interact with. Irvine faced a steep learning curve to get a handle on programming languages like HTML5 and Javascript, but they added new dimensions to his work, which he finds immensely rewarding. “For me, coming from a more creative, design background, I really enjoy using programming to create a more interesting user interface,” he says.
Irvine went to BCIT looking to make a short, intense, career-boosting investment. He considered programs at Langara and at Red Academy, a Vancouver-based boot camp with locations in Toronto and London, England. Ultimately, BCIT was the best fit for his schedule, budget and learning preferences.
GOING CAMPING
Boot camps, however, are an increasingly popular option for students because they offer some of the quickest on-ramps to the most popular tech careers. They typically offer a narrow range of programs that promise to be laser-focused on the most current industry needs. Students and employers welcomed boot camps as disruptors to an education system that can be slow to adapt to technology’s constant, rapid pace of change. But some employers have also viewed them with skepticism because of their brevity, and because many are too new to have built much of a track record of long-term results.
Lighthouse Labs’ full-time web development boot camp trains students to become full stack developers—programmers capable of writing both front-end and back-end web software—in 10 weeks. Irvine’s frontend certificate at BCIT, by comparison, ran for six months.
“We lean on people who have the academic skills because there is a level of consistency right out of the gate. There's an understanding of technology that's baked in with people who graduate from university” –Kory Fawcett, founder and CEO, Zaui Software
CEO Jeremy Shaki co-founded Lighthouse Labs in 2013. He says his Vancouverbased school’s hands- on, accelerated approach is validated by the companies that hire its graduates coming back to recruit more. “I think our grads are some of the most job-ready grads out of anybody,” Shaki maintains. Ninety-six percent of the boot camp’s job-seeking graduates find work within 120 days, according to Lighthouse, and 97 percent of those graduates work in technical roles.
Students don’t need programming experience to apply to Lighthouse Labs, but they do need commitment and determination to complete 10 tough weeks grinding through problems for 12-plus hours a day. “People are giving their everything and their all to get through a boot-camp program,” Shaki says.
Boot camps aren’t just for entry-level workers. Waldern, the UBC grad, leveraged her degree and a co-op internship to start her career with the Canadian division of German software giant SAP in Vancouver. But when she wanted to learn about data science, she decided to take a 10-week, part-time course at Brainstation, a New York–headquartered boot camp with a campus in Vancouver. Waldern didn’t want to start a master’s degree because it would interfere with her full-time job as a software engineer and project leader at SAP. “It was hard for me to justify the time commitment and the price because I felt like I could probably get the kind of learning that I needed from something a little bit smaller and less expensive,” she says.
Although many data scientist positions require a PHD, Waldern used her bootcamp education to land her new role at Microsoft, where she’ll continue to learn on the job.
MANAGERS WANTED
Software developers aren’t the only workers in high demand in B.C.’S tech sector. Kwantlen Polytechnic University in Surrey offers a bachelor of technology degree with two specializations: network administration and security, and mobile and web development. Lecturer Mandeep Pannu says most of her students choose the network security stream because of the many job openings awaiting them. Some just enjoy practising breaking into computer systems. “If you don’t learn how to hack, how are you going to stop them?” Pannu explains.
Jared Shaw is founder of 31337 Recruiters, a Qualicum Beach–based agency with tech clients including Sony Corp., Walt Disney Co. and numerous startups. He says companies need more than great programmers—they need quality managers who understand people, business and technology. “It is not nearly as simple as it sounds,” Shaw adds. “I’ve watched developers plow through millions of dollars building things nobody needs.”
Matt Tomporowski, now CEO of Vancouver- based Flarewolf Games, had been working as a video game producer and designer for Electronic Arts when the 2008 financial crisis and the upsurge in mobile gaming spun the game industry into perpetual volatility. He had risen through the ranks but hit a ceiling, and needed more business and management skills to go further. “I was a good manager, but there was a limit to going up,” he recalls.
Tomporowski earned a management of technology MBA from SFU in 2013, combining his years of technology experience with newfound knowledge about marketing, finance and monetization. (For the latest MBA offerings from eight B.C. schools, see pages 53-55.) “It instantly changed the career opportunities I was presented with,” he says. He went from middle manager to team lead to consulting. “It’s really hard to find people who can see the big picture, wear multiple hats.”
There may not be a single educational path for everyone’s technology career, but there is one critical trait for anyone to succeed: a determination to always learn and improve. “Technology is built by people who have built themselves,” Shaki says. Lighthouse Labs helps its graduates find work, but that first job is considered to be an essential continuation of the learning process. “We won’t facilitate job hiring unless they both get paid and get mentorship,” he stresses.
Budding web developer Irvine has several months of job experience now, but he still spends several hours a day hunkered over personal projects, trying to get better. “Even though you go through boot camps, you have to put in a lot of work on your own and build programs,” he explains. “It’s just practise, practise, practise.”
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