�Alan Levin Innovation Biologic Pills

① ② Next Steps Rani’s pills will need to win U.S. regulatory approval as both a drug and a medical device, delivering the proper dose of medicine and making sure the tiny balloon passes harmlessly out of the patient’s body. John Yin, professor of chemical

introduced features such as a midair collision warning and a program for controllers and pilots to send each other text messages instead of relying on crowded radio channels.

The paperless tower system transmits data on individual flights instantly to other controllers, making the coordination of flights across regions easier. It enhances safety by notifying controllers of construction on runways and other obstacles. And NAV CANADA gives engineers more freedom to tinker with functionality during development, Troutman and Koslow say.

“By transitioning away from a manual, paper-based system, controllers are able to concentrate more on the visual surveillance of the airport and aircraft,” says Sarah Fulton, spokeswoman for Airservices Australia, a government corporation that oversees air traffic. NAV CANADA has installed its tower software at four of Australia’s airports and has signed contracts to put in four more.

NAV CANADA recently showed off another new system that allows controllers to log in to work and receive pre- shift briefings on an ipad, replacing sign-in sheets and binders. The company is a majority partner in U. S.-based Aireon, which was formed to construct a space-based system of tracking planes that will for the first time work in the world’s most remote oceans and polar regions.

U. S. Representative Bill Shuster, a Pennsylvania Republican who chairs the House’s Transportation & Infrastructure Committee, repeatedly cites NAV CANADA’S success when he calls for partial privatization of the FAA’S air traffic division. Opposition to the idea from Democrats and some leading House Republicans has prevented Shuster’s proposal from moving forward. He has vowed to keep pushing.

Edited by Jeff Muskus, Dimitra Kessenides, and Matthew Philips Bloomberg.com Form and function

Genetically engineered drugs known as biologics typically have to be injected rather than swallowed because their complex proteins break down in the stomach. Rani Therapeutics is developing a pill that will protect those proteins. Background Imran, who’s founded more than a dozen companies, began working on the technology in 2010 and started Rani in 2012. Market Spending on biologics topped $230 billion last year, estimates researcher IMS Health. In March, Sanofi announced a partnership deal worth as much as $2.3 billion with Dice Molecules to speed its research on injection-replacing pills. The bottom line The success of Canada’s system has led some U.S. lawmakers to push for partial privatization of the FAA’S air traffic division. 2.

Deployment The CO

2 inflates a small plastic-film balloon underneath one or two injector darts made of molded sugar, propelling them into the intestinal wall. The darts dissolve and the medicine they contain is absorbed into the bloodstream. “Who wouldn’t want a daily pill rather than a biweekly injection?” Innovator Mir Imran Age Title Founder of Rani Therapeutics, based in San Jose