So much cargo moving, and not a human in sight

At America’s busiest port, advanced algorithms select the most efficient route for autonomous carriers to haul cargo containers across the wharf. Passing quietly within inches of each other at speeds as fast as 18 miles an hour, the orange, four-story self-driving cranes stack containers and deliver them to trucks and trains with little or no human intervention.

The ports of Long Beach, Los Angeles, and Oakland handle 40% of U.S. container traffic. Converting them to all-electric equipment that’s often self-driving will cost $35b over the next 30 years.