Antiquities smugglers thrive in bankrupt Greece
Faced with massive public debt, Greece is finding that its fabled antiquity heritage is proving a growing burden — with licensed digs postponed, illegal ones proliferating, museum staff trimmed and valuable pieces stolen.
“Greece’s historic remains have become our curse,” whispered an archaeologist at a recent media event organized to protest spending cuts imposed on the country for the past two years as a condition for European Union and International Monetary Fund loans.
With Greece moving into a fifth year of recession, licensed archeology digs are finding it ever harder to obtain public funds while antiquity smuggling is on the rise, archaeologists warned at the meeting.
“There are an increasing number of illegal digs near archaeological sites,” said Despina Koutsoumba, head of the association of Greek archaeologists.
“Some of them are excavated by semi-professionals who work for art trafficking networks. Others are done by treasure hunters,” she said.
Last month, Greek police arrested 44 people and recovered thousands of ancient coins and numerous Byzantine icons after smashing a large antiquity smuggling ring in northern Greece.
In October, another gang was arrested in possession of Macedonian golden grave offerings from the 6th century BC that were valued at $14.8 million.
Some senior archaeologists have argued that given the lack of funds for archaeological research, it would be wiser to rebury valuable discoveries to better protect them.
“Let us leave our antiquities in the soil, to be found by archaeologists in 10,000 AD, when Greeks and their politicians will perhaps show more respect to their history,” Michalis Tiverios, a professor of archeology at Thessaloniki’s Aristotelio University, told Ta Nea daily newspaper in early March.
For now, the penury seems to have spared the work of foreign archeology schools that have helped bring to light some of the country’s most important sites from the late 19th century onward.
But even here, creative accounting is sometimes called for.
“The Greek state is obliged to provide a cer- tain share of financing for each excavation,” said a foreign school representative, speaking on condition of anonymity. “But as there’s no more money available, we put in our budget calculations the use of state facilities such as storage areas or lots.”
Greek archaeologists said last month that funding for the country’s archaeological service fell by 35 per cent to 12 million euros ($15.7 million US) last year, and will be further reduced this year.
One out of 10 culture ministry employees has been dismissed, and 3,500 temporary staff brought in to allow museums, sites and excavations to operate.
Greece’s financial difficulties and staff shortages did not take long to attract unwanted attention.
In January, a Picasso and two other artworks were stolen from the Athens National Gallery during a staff strike. A month later, two armed men stole 70 objects from a museum in ancient Olympia, birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games.