Low rates a stability threat, Bank of Canada cautions
The Bank of Canada is warning that its own low interest policies and those of central banks around the world are adding another layer of risk to the already stressed global financial system and economy.
The Canadian central bank said Thursday near record level interest rates in place since the 2008-09 recession are taking their toll on insurance companies, pension funds and even increasing the appetite of investors to take risks in search of higher returns.
In Canada, they have been a prime mover to the other major domestic risk — an overheated housing market and high levels of consumer debt as Canadians take advantage of cheap money to buy real estate.
Bank governor Mark Carney has warned about the dangers of low interest rates — which many Canadians consider a good thing — sporadically in the past, but this time the bank’s governing council has thought the concern grave enough to add it to the list of risks facing Canada and the world.
“The low interest rate environment in major advanced economies represents another risk to the financial system, both in Canada and globally,” the bank’s governing council says in its semi-annual financial systems review paper issued Thursday.
“This risk involves increased vulnerability for financial institutions with long-duration liabilities (life insurance companies and pension funds), and increased incentives for excessive risk taking in a search for yield, which could distort the pricing of both real and financial assets.”
And in a repeat of past alerts, the bank warned that construction of new condos, particularly in Toronto, is outstripping traditional levels of demand.
“If the upcoming supply of units is not absorbed by demand as they are completed over the next 18 to 36 months, the supply-demand imbalance will become more pronounced, increasing the risk of a sudden correction in prices,” it said.
Risk-taking, a major contributor to the 2008-09 financial meltdown, remains moderate, but is increasing, the bank says.
“Evidence of excessive risk-taking behaviour by pension funds and life insurance companies, and in global financial markets more generally, remains limited, although there have been some indications that investor tolerance for risk is increasing.”
Insurance companies are affected, the report states, because they are forced to reinvest cash flows at a lower yield than they thought would be the case. Canadian insurance firms are affected more than those in the U.S. because of the higher accounting standards here, the bank said.
The solvency of defined-benefit pensions funds are also jeopardized because as “long-term interest rates decline, the present value of the plans’ future liabilities increases.”