‘WHEN YOU PLAY THE LANGUAGE CARD … IT’S A HOT TOPIC’
OLD WOUNDS SURFACE IN NEW BRUNSWICK ELECTION
New Brunswick is Canada’s only officially bilingual province, with the closest balance in the nation of residents who speak our two official languages.
Politically, though, language has long been a ticking time bomb.
“I don’t think New Brunswick has ever resolved its cultural and linguistic divide,” says Herb Emery, a professor at the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton.
“Instead, it’s had premiers who have been very good at keeping a lid on it and keeping the peace.”
Polls suggest the next premier of New Brunswick after the Sept. 24 provincial election will be one of two very different men.
There’s Brian Gallant, the bilingual Liberal incumbent who has been reticent to wade into the province’s thorny language politics.
Then there’s Blaine Higgs, the anglophone Tory leader who was briefly involved with an anti-bilingualism party three decades ago but has since changed his opinions and is taking weekly French classes.
Despite their differences, neither leader is likely eager to make bilingualism an issue in the campaign.
“When you play the language card … it’s a hot topic,” says Christian Michaud, a bilingual Moncton-based lawyer who has worked on language rights cases and constitutional challenges as far as the Supreme Court.
“If you don’t do it properly, you could face different levels of attack. It could backfire.”
There was one language flare-up last week: A Frenchlanguage leaders debate was scrapped by Canada’s public broadcaster after Higgs said he couldn’t debate in French and Gallant refused to take on a candidate that wasn’t the leader.
“It made political sense for the Liberals to refuse to participate in that debate, because they don’t even have to debate any issue and they already appear to be the francophone-friendly party,” says Mathieu Wade, a researcher with the Institute for Acadian Studies at the Université de Moncton.
The language rights act of 1969 is credited with ushering in major social reform and safeguarding the French language in New Brunswick, where in 2016 roughly 32 per cent of people said French was their mother tongue, compared to about 65 per cent English, according to census data.
But the incident offered a glimpse into the language debate that still simmers. Official bilingualism has sparked heated arguments in both English and French over its benefits and costs.
In recent years, separate school bus regimes for francophone and anglophone students, bilingual staffing for paramedics, language obligations for municipalities, and even a complaint — from the official languages commissioner — about a unilingual commissionaire in a government building have all made headlines.
On one side of the debate, some equate so-called duality — two institutions that each serve one linguistic community — with duplication. They see the costs of providing English and French services across New Brunswick as untenable in the cash-strapped province.
Critics say the division of New Brunswickers among linguistic lines — such as separate health care or school bus systems — amounts to segregation, and that bilingualism requirements in the public sector unfairly disadvantage anglophones.
It’s a position that has been carefully sidestepped by the Progressive Conservative party, historically seen as the party of choice among anglophones.
The tension had been exploited in the past by the Confederation of Regions Party, which won eight seats in 1991 on a promise to strike the Official Languages Act from the books, and more recently by the People’s Alliance party. People’s Alliance Leader Kris Austin, who lost his bid for a seat by fewer than 30 votes during the last election and is running again, promises a populist agenda — including ending duality by combining English and French public services.
“Bilingualism is a wedge issue in New Brunswick and the People’s Alliance is prying it open,” Emery says. “There are some New Brunswickers that have never really gone along with official bilingualism and they feel there is favouritism, and the party is taking advantage of that.”
On the other side of the debate are those who say their language rights can’t be reduced to dollars and cents arguments about economic efficiency.
New Brunswickers have a constitutional right to be served by the government in English or French, and proponents of official bilingualism say the duality of services helps prevent the assimilation of the minority francophone population.
“Language can be taught, learned and forgotten,” Wade says.
“You need to create some boundaries for it to be preserved.”