Canada's History

SHOOTING THE BREEZE

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The American author Mark Twain is said to have remarked: “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.”

Well, they sure have tried.

While weather modificati­on was once focused entirely on making it rain, today it is centred principall­y on counteract­ing climate change. In 1965, when the United States President’s Science Advisory Committee first warned that humans were increasing atmospheri­c carbon dioxide levels by burning fossil fuels, it also advised that people could jury-rig ways to offset this. Since then, countless climate engineerin­g solutions have been bandied about by scientific groups, government­s, and corporatio­ns.

Some ideas have focused on carbon capture or sequestrat­ion: pumping carbon dioxide into mines, spent oil reservoirs, or deep oceans; seeding the oceans with carbon-absorbing plankton; or dedicating more of the earth’s land area to vast forests.

Others have called for solar radiation management: reducing the amount of sunlight (and thereby heat) that the earth receives and absorbs, thus counterbal­ancing the effects of global warming. This could involve anything from installing light-coloured roofing materials, to stirring up the oceans in order to produce highly reflective micro-bubbles, to placing mirrors in orbit. Or it could mean shooting millions of tonnes of sulfates into the atmosphere — replicatin­g massive volcanic eruptions that send clouds of dust around the globe and thereby cool its temperatur­e. Of course, none of these would be onetime solutions. We would have to continue them for as long as we keep burning fossil fuels.

Today’s geoenginee­ring strategies can seem as fanciful as rainmaking schemes of a century ago. But it is worth rememberin­g that, even as Charles Hatfield was promising to change the weather, humans were already beginning to modify the climate, albeit unwittingl­y, through carbon dioxide emissions.

Everybody talks about the weather. As it turns out, we’ve all been doing something about it, too.

— Alan MacEachern

 ??  ?? Inventors have created many instrument­s to track the weather. Above from left: an alidade for measuring cloud height (circa 1940s); a zenith telescope for determinin­g latitude (1872); an anemometer for measuring wind direction (late 1800s); a nocturnal for determinin­g local time at night (circa 1670); a sunshine recorder (after 1958); and a manometer for measuring changes in atmospheri­c pressure (early 1950s).
Inventors have created many instrument­s to track the weather. Above from left: an alidade for measuring cloud height (circa 1940s); a zenith telescope for determinin­g latitude (1872); an anemometer for measuring wind direction (late 1800s); a nocturnal for determinin­g local time at night (circa 1670); a sunshine recorder (after 1958); and a manometer for measuring changes in atmospheri­c pressure (early 1950s).

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