Canada's wildfires blamed for rise in global loss of tree cover

Progress made when it comes to the protection of the world's forests was thwarted by last year's his‐ toric wildfire season in Canada, according to a new report.

The annual survey, pub‐ lished Thursday by the World Resources Institute, a re‐ search group, found that global tree cover loss outside of the tropics increased 24 per cent in 2023.

The change is attributed to the enormous loss of tree cover last year in Canada.

Canada's wildfire season was the worst on record, with five times more tree cover lost due to fire in 2023 than the year before.

Experts say drought and hot temperatures made more likely by climate change created the conditions that resulted in Canada's historic season.

According to the tree cov‐ er report, Canada accounted for more than half of the world's forest loss due to fire last year, and 92 per cent of the forest lost in the country was due to fire.

Progress, and steps back

The report said "dramatic progress" in policy led to bet‐ ter preservation of the Ama‐ zon forest in Brazil and Colombia, despite recent wildfires in northern Brazil that have hampered those advances.

That progress was also counteracted by the loss of forest in other countries - in‐ cluding Bolivia, Laos and Nicaragua - due to fires and the expansion of agricultural land, the report said.

"We must learn from the countries that are successful‐ ly slowing deforestation, or else we will continue to rapidly lose one of our most effective tools for fighting cli‐ mate change," Mikaela Weisse, director of Global Forest Watch, which is part of the World Resources Insti‐ tute, told reporters in a briefing ahead of the report's release.

The report, prepared in collaboration with the Uni‐ versity of Maryland, docu‐ mented tree loss across the world from deforestation, wildfires and other causes.

It noted the enormous im‐ pact of Canada's wildfire sea‐ son. Matt Hansen, a profes‐ sor of geographical sciences at the University of Maryland, called the data from Canada "off the scale" and "another level of outlier."

However, most of the re‐ port focused on the tropics, given its importance as an ecosystem to protect in order to avoid carbon emissions and biodiversity loss, Weisse said.

She also suggested the tropics - where people are di‐ rectly responsible for defor‐ estation - could lead to more action, given recent interna‐ tional commitments.

WATCH | Brazil is facing unprecedented wildfires:

International and do‐ mestic solutions

In 2021, more than 100 coun‐ tries, including Canada, pledged to halt and reverse deforestation and land degradation by the end of the decade.

But the world remains far off track to reach its 2030 goals. Last year, the tropics lost 3.7 million hectares of primary forest. That's equiv‐ alent to losing 10 soccer fields per minute, according to the report.

"The 2023 data shows that countries can cut rates of forest loss when they muster the political will to do so," said Rod Taylor, global director for forests with the World Resources Institute.

"But we also know that progress can be reversed when political winds change."

The solution to Canada's tree cover loss might be in encouraging tree regenera‐ tion after wildfires, but Cana‐ dian experts stress it will re‐ quire a smarter approach.

"We're not going to go out and plant 18 million hectares. It's just not feasible," Randall Van Wagner, head of Tree Canada's National Greening Program, said in an interview.

What might hold promise is using different types of trees.

"Deciduous trees tend to hold a lot more moisture," Van Wagner explained, sug‐ gesting trees like aspens, in contrast to spruce and pine trees, can be a line of de‐ fence. "The fire can actually slow down because of that moisture retention."

Peter Wood, a lecturer with the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Fore‐ stry, agreed, saying Canada is not letting these "fire-resis‐ tant trees" deciduous regrow and using suppressive chemi‐ cals - to make way for more profitable trees to harvest.

"Maybe we should be let‐ ting them grow back instead of fighting them in the in‐ terest of regrowing pine trees that are better for two-byfours."

But with the dry condi‐ tions setting up what looks like another bad wildfire sea‐ son, Wood suggested progress could be wiped out before it has a chance to take root.

"The science tells us that forests that are in those early stages of regrowth, they re‐ main very vulnerable," Wood told CBC News. "Until that canopy is established … you can be very vulnerable to fire."