This Indonesian activist wants Canada to stop sending plastic waste abroad

While a student in junior high, Aeshnina Azzahra dis‐ covered that a village near her home in Indonesia had become a dumping ground for plastic waste from Western countries.

Plastic has made its way into the local rivers, road‐ sides, farmland and beaches, she said.

"It's really shocking for me," recalled Azzahra, now 16.

"It's really weird for me to believe it, because the devel‐ oped countries have more money, and more advanced technology."

Azzahra is in Ottawa with her father, also an environ‐ mental activist, for a weeklong summit that wraps up Monday.

Negotiators from 176 countries have been involved in the fourth round of talks to create a global treaty to eliminate plastic waste.

In Indonesia, Azzahra said, the recycling industry isn't well regulated, and the mate‐ rial that is actually processed can end up producing harm‐ ful chemicals in the air and water.

"It has no good tech‐ nology, no safety, it's really dangerous for the workers and they just throw the wastewater directly to the riv‐ er, with no treatment at all," she said.

"My main message is to stop exporting plastic waste to developing countries."

U.S. and beyond

Last year, Canada ex‐ ported 202 million kilograms of plastic waste, up from 183 million kilograms the year prior, according to the gov‐ ernment's own data it provides to global tracking agency UN Comtrade.

The majority of that plas‐ tic is shipped to the United States, but it's unclear what happens after that. Plastic waste from the U.S. is often exported overseas. Canada's second-largest export market is Malaysia, which became a major global destination for the world's plastic waste af‐ ter China abruptly banned most imports in 2017.

Environmental activists say sending shipments to the U.S. exploits a loophole in the Basel Convention, an interna‐ tional treaty that prohibits rich countries from offload‐ ing trash to poorer countries without prior, informed con‐ sent.

Under Canadian law, com‐ panies are allowed to export some recyclables, including paper, metal and plastic, for processing, but shipments can often be mixed with household trash, soiled con‐ tainers or unrecyclable plas‐ tic.

A 2022 Fifth Estate/En‐ quête investigation found more than 100 shipping con‐ tainers were returned to Canada over a five-year peri‐ od after foreign authorities discovered violations of inter‐ national waste export regula‐ tions.

During that time, there were only six fines totalling less than $9,000 handed out against four companies and two individuals, and none of them were named publicly, the investigation found.

"Canada has continued to send waste to developing countries," said Lilly Wood‐ bury, with the environmental group Surfrider Foundation Canada.

"It's a broken system. It's cheaper for them to ship it overseas than to recycle it here."

NDP MP Gord Johns tabled a motion last week, ahead of the Ottawa summit, calling on the federal govern‐ ment to stop shipping plastic waste to the U.S.

The motion argues that doing so has allowed Canada to "avoid" the Basel conven‐ tion. It also calls for the gov‐ ernment to ratify an amend‐ ment in the convention that forbids the export of haz‐ ardous wastes to developing countries.

WATCH | Why it's so hard to end plastic pollu‐ tion:

At the Ottawa summit, Johns said he met with repre‐ sentatives from developing countries who wanted to see shipments stop.

"The main message we heard is they don't have the infrastructure and systems in place to recycle the materials properly," said Johns, MP for Courtenay-Alberni in B.C.

"Canadians would be hor‐ rified to learn that when they go to the recycling bin and put out their recycling, that it's actually having a seriously negative impact on people living in developing coun‐ tries."

Kathleen Ruff, a long-time human rights advocate who has been critical of Canada's export practices, said the on‐ ly way the dynamic will change is if "rich countries take responsibility for cutting back on their waste."

"If they do create waste, they must take responsibility to deal with it in an ecologi‐ cally responsible way in their own country," Ruff said.

Meeting with Guilbeault Azzahra has sent letters to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and other world leaders, asking them to com‐ mit to cracking down on sending recycling waste abroad.

Last week, she met briefly with Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault in Ottawa, and she said he committed to trying to make it happen.

Guilbeault's office did not immediately return a request for comment by deadline.

The minister recently an‐ nounced a registry, requiring plastic producers to detail the quantity and type of plas‐ tic they put into the Canadian market.The federal govern‐ ment says roughly nine per cent of the country's plastic is recycled. The rest ends up in landfills or back in the envi‐ ronment.

On Friday, Guilbault said talks on a treaty to end plas‐ tic waste were progressing well, and he is confident a deal will be reached this fall when the final negotiations are held in South Korea.

Assahra says her own message is simple.

"Please think about us the future generation - be‐ cause we all have the rights to live in a safe, healthy and plastic free environment."

WATCH | Guilbeault says things need to change when it comes to plastics: