As TMX enables record oil output, First Nations hope for new chapter

Some Indigenous communities in northern Alberta hope the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion will mark the start of a new chapter in their relationship with Canada’s oilsands industry.

The $34-billion pipeline project from Alberta to the B.C. coast promises better access to export markets for oilsands producers, which are forecast to achieve alltime-high output this year.

The pipeline’s expected opening on May 1 is a big deal for the Fort McKay First Nation, located about an hour’s drive north of Fort McMurray and home to around 800 people of Dene, Cree and Métis descent.

“It matters to the Fort McKay First Nation. When there’s an opportunity like the Trans Mountain pipeline, the question is, how can we actually leverage it to transfer that opportunity to Fort McKay?” said Chief Raymond Powder.

“Because I’ve shared that with my industry partners across the table from time to time — I’ve said, ‘You know, if you guys want to grow and want to expand and all that, that’s not an issue for us.”’

But Fort McKay also needs opportunities for growth as the industry expands, he said.

Located smack-dab in the middle of the Athabasca oilsands, Fort McKay is the bull’seye on the dart board of the world’s third-largest crude oil reserve.

The First Nations community is surrounded by industrial development, and the acrid scent of nearby oilsands facilities can be detected in the breeze. Band members like to point out the black, tarry-smelling soil that lines residents’ roads and driveways here — evidence of the rich bitumen deposits that lie so close to the surface.

In Fort McKay, the complicated relationship that the oilsands industry has with Indigenous people is evident. The First Nation is one of the wealthiest in the country, thanks to revenue generated from impact benefit agreements with oilsands developers as well as from the many Nation-owned businesses that serve the oil and gas sector.

Because of these spinoff benefits, the community boasts a long-term care centre that fronts onto the Athabasca River, a firstclass arena, a virtual golf facility and other amenities not commonly found on reserves.

But Powder is quick to point out his community’s relationship with industry has not always been so rosy.

“When you go back to the history of who Fort McKay is, we actually did not initially begin with a good relationship with industry because of the fact that who we are as First Nations and our identity was tied to the land,” he said.

Fort McKay also has significant concerns about the safety and environmental impact of the massive oilsands wastewater tailings ponds in the area.

“And so the arrival of industry had a huge impact on our own traditional livelihood and way of life,” said Powder.

“But on the positive side of all of that, we’ve had the opportunity to grow our programs, grow our services, grow our infrastructure.”

Not all First Nations see their industrial neighbours this way.

Eriel Deranger is a member of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, which is suing the Alberta Energy Regulator in the wake of a series of toxic tailings ponds leaks from Imperial Oil’s Kearl oilsands facility.

She’s also the executive director of Indigenous Climate Action, an advocacy group focused on the water, air, and health impacts of the oilsands on First Nations communities.

Deranger describes the relationship between Indigenous communities and the oilsands industry as an “economic hostage situation,” explaining that many communities see the negative impacts of oilsands development but don’t speak up because there are no other economic opportunities to be had.