Inside the torture test lab at UPS
Packaging engineers design boxes that survive dropping, shaking, smashing
ADDISON, ILL. — It looks like a torture chamber for cardboard and bubble wrap. At a lab in suburban Chicago, UPS Inc. tests new packaging designs by dropping, shaking and smashing boxes with brutal-looking equipment. The point is to see what type of packaging can withstand the trip from supplier to customer, protecting the delicate products inside.
From cupcakes to live crickets, products of a mindboggling variety are now shipped by online retailers to consumers around the world. As the holiday shipping season throttles up, companies ■ want their products to arrive safely. But they also demand sustainable materials for their packaging so they can boast of being green. ■ On top of that, theyrwant to reduce their costs.
The UPS package design and testing lab helps with all that, crunching and squeezing prototype packaging for 750 businesses a year and designing innovative new boxes for an additional 50 customers.
Men’s suits arriving at the store wrinkled? That’s a job for UPS’s Quint Marini and his team of eight packaging engineers. Their new design for a perfect suit box solved the problem by layering 10 suits on hangers in alternate directions and keeping them in place with a built-in strap.
“It took us five months,” Marini said. “First we were going to put each suit on a piece of corrugated (cardboard) and tag it to it. That didn’t work. Then someone came up with this design. But it took three months to make sure.”
Boxes to protect fragile frosting on cupcakes, to keep cheesecakes cold, to keep pharmaceuticals at room temperature — Marini’s team has designed them. Their busiest time is summer when companies get ready to launch new products.
A typical testing workout takes four hours. Boxes get a 400-kilogram hug from the compressiontable. They crash 17 times from the drop tester. They endure the cruelty of the bridge impact tester, which slams into them from the sky like a karate chop. They shake for two hours on the vibration table, which mimics a bumpy truck ride. The altitude chamber simulates flight conditions; it can explode a bag of potato chips.
To demonstrate a typical test, packaging engineer Kyle Blakey switches on a pneu- matic compression table. A box withstands 400 kilograms of force, but eventually the box buckles under an iron plate when Blakey turns the force up to 900 kilograms.
Other shipping companies, including FedEx Corp., have similar labs.
Marini gets some odd requests.
One supplier of reptile foods wanted to ship dead rats and live crickets in the same truck. Marini advised against it: The dry ice needed to keep the rats from decomposing would have suffocated the crickets.
Another unusual challenge: protecting two forensic facial reconstructions of Civil War sailors during a trip from Baton Rouge, La., to Washington, D.C. Experts at Louisiana State University had modelled the unique lifesize heads from skulls found in the turret of the USS Monitor after it was raised from the ocean floor.
The heads — made of soft clay and resin — were to be unveiled at a ceremony commemorating the 150th anniversary of the ship’s sinking. It would be the first time the public saw the shipmates’ faces.
Marini’s team built each head a super shock-absorbing box from wood, cardboard and plastic foam.
“They were very, very fragile,” he said simply. “They made it.”
Marini has some tips for people packing breakable holiday gifts: Start with a new box. Fill partway with foam packing peanuts.
Place a piece of corrugated cardboard on top of the foam peanuts.
Wrap the gift items in bub- ble wrap. Place them in a snug layer on top of the cardboard platform. There shouldn’t be too much give or extra space.
Place another piece of cor- ugated cardboard on top of that.
Add more packing peanuts a little higher than the brim.
Close the box and use packing tape on all the seams.
Marini packed just such a box recently in the lab and had his crew drop it repeatedly from the drop tester. The ornaments and snow globe he packed inside survived perfectly.