Canada’s enduring ‘ground rules’
When Canadians learn about t he Seven years’ War in school, it’s usually characterized as a struggle between Britain and France for supremacy on the continent. The pivotal siege of Quebec and the iconic clash of generals Wolfe and Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham are front and centre. Often omitted from such accounts is the Royal Proclamation of 1763 that followed the war. Among its many other effects, this proclamation laid the enduring foundation of the Crown’s relationship with First Nations.
Oct. 7 marks the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Royal Proclamation by King George III. Like all anniversaries, this milestone prompts us to reflect on our history and draws our attention to a document that was a turning point in the recognition and protection of aboriginal rights in Canada — rights that are now enshrined in Canada’s Constitution. The principles set out in the proclamation established the ground rules for treaty-making across what is now Canada.
They may not know it, but most Ontarians today, for instance, likely live in a part of the province covered by a treaty. Even though many of these treaties were signed over a century ago, they remain as relevant today as the day they were signed. The treaties were about more than territory. They were in-
The legal basis for provincial and federal treaties with our aboriginal peoples is yet another legacy of the
proclamation made in 1763
fused with a spirit of mutual respect, honour, justice, and the pursuit of common interests. For our part, these principles will continue to guide our work of advancing relationships with First Nations.
The relationship between aboriginal and non-aboriginal peoples in this country has had its challenges. On- tario has an opportunity to enhance and strengthen its relationship by working in partnership with communities. Working together, as one Ontario, we are making progress. In the past 10 years, we have settled land claims at almost twice the pace as the previous 20 years. Strengthening communities involves sharing land and resources, supporting education and health initiatives, and embracing and celebrating our differences. Ontario is, and will continue to be, mindful of our treaty relationships, whether we’re developing programs to target urban poverty, gaps in education, or contemplating significant resource projects.
While there’s much more work to do, a strong partnership between aboriginal peoples and the provinces is fundamental to producing healthy, strong, and resilient communities. We must continue to work with First Nations, not only because it’s the right thing to do, but because it represents an investment in the future of this province. Collaboration is the key to building a strong economy and a fair society for the benefit of all.
On Oct. 7, I encourage all Canadians, including those here in Ontario, to take a moment to learn more about treaties and the Royal Proclamation. Treaties have not only shaped the province, they are fundamental to the relationship between aboriginal communities and their neighbours, and these agreements continue to inform who we are as Ontarians and Canadians.