NEW WHEELS
Shareholders approve deal to create the world’s 4th- largest automaker.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV and PSA Group will complete their combination this month after shareholders signed off on a deal that endured two years of extraordinary drama.
The merged company called Stellantis will become the world’s fourth- largest automaker on Jan. 16, then start trading two days later in Milan and Paris and the following day in New York, according to a statement Monday.
The hurdles the two overcame to finish their tie- up well ahead of their target for the end of this quarter were plentiful and prodigious, with Fiat even managing to patch things up after a shortlived attempt to join forces with PSA’S archrival Renault SA.
Fiat Chrysler and PSA executives reckon they’ ll boost returns with scale more closely resembling Volkswagen AG and Toyota Motor Corp., and have greater resources to compete with electric- car upstarts and tech- industry interlopers. But plenty of challenges await once the deal is done. Stellantis will be an amalgam of model lines with enviable positions in certain segments, but neither company has much of a foothold in the luxury-car business or China’s vast auto market.
“Stellantis will be a sort of conglomerate of brands, some great and some not so good and most very regional,” said Jefferies analyst Philippe Houchois. “The merger will be a good opportunity for a reset.”
The combined company will boast an impressive presence in North America’s lucrative truck and SUV segments, thanks to Fiat Chrysler’s Ram and Jeep divisions. PSA’S revitalized Peugeot and Citroen brands have meanwhile excelled in Europe and are the envy of its turnaround- minded French foe, Renault.
But both also have their weaknesses. The merger of Fiat with Chrysler did little to improve the fortunes of the Alfa Romeo and Maserati luxury lines, while PSA’S purchase of Opel only made the company more reliant on Europe’s crowded and shrinking market.
Shares of Peugeot and Fiat Chrysler advanced 1.7 per cent and 1.5 per cent, respectively, in Paris and Milan trading, giving the companies a combined market value of about 43.7 billion euros (US$53.6 billion).
The job of shaking up Stellantis’s portfolio will fall to PSA chief executive Carlos Tavares, an ultracompetitive amateur rally driver who calls himself a “performance psychopath.” He takes a Darwinian view on the industry, arguing that only the strong carmakers will survive the pivot to electric drivetrains and pursuit of autonomous driving. “We are ready for this merger,” Tavares told PSA shareholders, adding that the new company will have an “extraordinary” collection of brands.
Tavares “has a strong track record in M& A and operational restructuring,” Institutional Shareholder Services analysts said in a report last month. While the proxy adviser recommended investors vote in favour of the merger based on its strong strategic and financial rationale, it did raise concerns about Stellantis’s governance.
ISS took issue with a loyalty voting structure that will give greater sway to investors who hold shares at least three years, a binding- nomination process in which only the board will be able to nominate new additions, and a move away from annual director re-elections.
Still, those qualms are outweighed by Fiat Chrysler shareholders being paid a pre- merger dividend of 2.9 billion euros, which was confirmed in a separate statement Monday. The boards of both companies also are considering a potential distribution of 500 million euros to each company before they close the deal, or one billion euros afterward to shareholders of the combined entity. No details were provided Monday.
The Agnelli family that controls Fiat Chrysler, led by Chairman John Elkann, agreed in September to shave 2.6 billion euros off the initial dividend the carmaker’s shareholders will receive to give Tavares more cash to work with when he takes the helm of Stellantis.
At the same time, Fiat Chrysler and PSA raised their estimate for the annual synergies Stellantis will achieve to 5 billion euros, putting more pressure on Tavares to squeeze out efficiencies. The companies had previously said they would be able to extract 3.7 billion euros in yearly savings without closing any plants.
The pandemic may have changed that calculus, though cuts will be hard to come by. Tavares will have to navigate the political cross- currents in France, Italy and the U. S., where the automakers have deep national roots. He has tackled tough jobs before, leading the French carmaker back from the brink after taking over as CEO in 2014 and reviving Opel after acquiring it from General Motors Co. in 2017.
“We are living through a profound era of change in our industry, the speed and intensity of which can only be compared to what took place at its origins in the late nineteenth century,” Elkann said during Fiat Chrysler’s shareholder meeting. Stellantis will have “the scale, the resources, the diversity and the know- how to successfully capture the opportunities of a new era.”
As with other executives across the industry, Tavares and Elkann are responding to growing pressure to pool resources plugged into product development, manufacturing and purchasing to free up money for big bets on electric cars and self-driving systems.
But being bigger isn’t necessarily reaping rewards. Tesla Inc. is now far more richly valued than VW, which is staging the biggest effort among the incumbents to electrify its vast fleet. GM has retrenched from many markets to focus on North America and China, while Renault and its alliance partner Nissan Motor Co. are restructuring after racking up huge losses.
“The auto industry has been chasing size and consolidation for years, but it’s been slower in coming than many would like to see,” Houchois said. “The question is whether GM, Toyota and Renault- Nissan have provided evidence that there may be limits to this strategy.”
Mediobanca Spa’s Messier Maris & Associes acted as the lead financial adviser to PSA, while Exor NV, the Agnelli family holding company which controls Fiat, was advised by Lazard.
WE ARE LIVING THROUGH A PROFOUND ERA OF CHANGE.