How to improve farm safety for kids
Agriculture is rated among the most dangerous industries by the International Labour Organization, and not just for adults.
Children living on farms experience exceptionally high risks of traumatic injury, and evidence for this high risk has been documented many times over many years.
Historically, health researchers and public health advocates have tried to counter these statistics by communicating the high rates of injury and the source of the hazards and by instructing parents to keep kids away from the hazards. Still, rates of child injury remain high.
What has been missing is an understanding of why parents chose to bring their kids into the farm work environment. So, this time, our team of researchers — from the University of Saskatchewan, Queen’s University and the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation — decided it was our turn to listen.
Learning farm culture
At first glance, a work environment with heavy machinery, chemicals and confined spaces doesn’t seem like a good place for children. They aren’t present at mines or construction sites. But a farm is different because it is also a family’s home.
Our research team conducted indepth interviews with 11 rural Saskatchewan farm parents and found that they see a lot of benefits to exposing their kids to farm work. These include: meeting the family’s needs for child care and family time; building work ethic, responsibility and pride; and the positive impacts of involvement in the family’s agricultural heritage.
Unfortunately, previous health promotion efforts haven’t really acknowledged these benefits or the parent’s perspective in weighing out the positives.
Imagine you are a farm parent taking care of the kids during a busy harvest season. You have been with the kids at home for the morning and need to bring a meal out to those working in the field. Do you bring the kids with you, or leave them in the house?
On one hand, there could be tractors and other heavy machinery, ponds and the general rush and hustle of adults focused on completing the task at hand. On the other hand, kids who see farm work get a chance to connect to farm culture and can gradually learn to take on these tasks, plus they’ll be taught how to do tasks safely. Bringing the kids along also avoids leaving young kids at home alone.
Different parents might make different choices in these situations, but all parents are faced with balancing the pros and cons in their family context based on their experiences and family characteristics.
Lead author of the study, Valerie, grew up as a farm kid and raised her own children on the farm, so she understands the tricky tradeoffs that parents face.
Complex decision-making
While studying how farm parents balance the potential risks with the perceived benefits of farm life, we discovered a complex decision-making process that involves weighing risk-reward tradeoffs. After talking with farm parents, we developed a framework showing a scale — balancing potential risks and benefits.
“Tipping the scales” to make a decision about bringing kids into the farm environment depends on parental perceptions, and these perceptions are in turn influenced by a personal history in agriculture, prior knowledge, past experience, characteristics of children and safety norms in their family and community.
If we have a better understanding of how farm parents make these decisions, we’ll have a better chance of working together to find strategies that work.
Even though many farm parents were raised on farms themselves and recognize the importance of farm safety for their families, serious child injuries and deaths continue to occur. The study showed us that parental decisions of whether to bring children into the farm work area depend on context.
Our hope moving forward is that this framework will contribute to future prevention strategies aimed at harm reduction, by considering both the perceived risks and benefits that play a role in farm parents’ decision-making.
Catherine Trask receives funding from the Canada Research Chairs. She is affiliated with the Canadian Association for Research in Work and Health.
Valerie L. Elliot is affiliated with the Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan.