Prevent problem or invasive weeds from moving in

A growing problem on hay, pasture and rangeland in Saskatchewan is the invasion and spread of invasive plants. These non-desirable plants are being introduced outside of their natural habitat. In this environment, invasive weeds have an advantage that allows them to out-compete desirable forage plants and agricultural crops for space, nutrients, sunlight and moisture. Invasive plants present in hay, pasture and rangeland affect both the health and productivity of the field.

Invasive weeds can cause significant problems, including:

- Reduced yield and productivity by competing with desirable plants;

- Affecting the palatability and nutritional value of the feed source; and

- Being toxic or an irritant when fed to livestock.

Landowners and occupiers are responsible for control and removal of prohibited, noxious or nuisance weeds as designated under the The Weed Control Act in Saskatchewan. Some common noxious weeds that may be more familiar are Canada thistle, leafy spurge and sow thistle.

Prevention is always the most effective approach when dealing with invasive plants. Management can include biological, chemical or mechanical methods, but the environment surrounding the weed infestation should be considered when selecting a weed management method.

What can you do to control problem weeds from invading your hay, pasture and range land prior to seeding and after establishment?

- Ensure complete weed control before seeding to forage crops.

- Use certified seed when establishing forages to minimize the introduction of invasive species by weed seeds.

- Use management practices that promote vigorous forage-stand establishment and resist weed competition such as seeding into a firm seed bed with adequate moisture, and remember to inoculate legume seed.

- Fertilize to promote the growth of grasses and reduce populations of some weeds, such as Canada thistle.

- Scout forage fields regularly and treat or contain small populations of invasive plants before they become a large problem.

- Control weeds in grass or legume forage crops using available herbicide options – but be aware of restrictions on herbicide use and on livestock feeding.

- Avoid overgrazing areas which will provide opportunity for undesirable plants to flourish.

The Farm Stewardship Program BMP (Beneficial Management Practice) for Invasive Plant Biocontrol and Targeted Grazing is available for producers to contain and manage invasive weed populations with a non-herbicidal option.

For more information contact your local regional office or call the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377.