Considerations for extensive winter feeding of beef cattle in Saskatchewan
Extensive winter feeding is the act of housing and feeding beef cattle in a field setting during the winter months with the aim of reducing management costs for producers as well as having positive agri-environmental impacts on the land and water resources.
There are some important considerations to keep in mind for selection of a winter-feeding site to maximize the benefits to the operation.
Consider the slope of the ground to protect against erosion and nutrient runoff.
The best management practice recommendation is to choose a site with a slope of less than two per cent steepness and less than 90 metres in length.
Adequate groundcover is important to reduce the risk of runoff and erosion from livestock and equipment traffic.
It is recommended that producers choose a perennial forage stand with less than 25 per cent bare ground to effectively control nutrient runoff.
Soil type is another aspect to consider. Coarse soil textures such as sand and gravel are not recommended for use as an extensive wintering site due to increased risk of leaching nutrients into the groundwater.
To maximize animal welfare and performance, ensure cattle will have access to adequate bedding, quality water and feed and appropriate shelter.
Although snow can be used as a water source, it is often unreliable and can have negative impacts on cattle in lactation or being fed high-fibre diets.
Always make sure you have a backup plan for watering and observe animals often when using snow as a water source.
Feeding systems can include swath grazing, bale grazing and corn grazing depending on the goals of your operation. It is recommended to move feeder locations often for a more even nutrient distribution.
Portable windbreaks are another great way to distribute nutrients effectively while also providing animals with good shelter.
Rotating wintering sites annually is another strategy to manage nutrient levels and residues. Proper management of the site after the winter-feeding season is important.
Post-wintering practices may include harrowing to spread manure and feed residues. Remember to soil test to monitor the status of available nutrients on the site prior to the growing season.
The Resilient Agricultural Landscapes Program (RALP) offers funding through the Extensive Wintering Site Management BMP to assist eligible producers with a portion of the costs associated with implementing an extensive winter-feeding site on their operation.
To find out more about the program and eligibility requirements, contact your local agri-environmental specialist.