Fracking reveals new fault lines

OKLAHOMA CITY — A 5.8-magnitude earthquake and a series of smaller aftershocks in Oklahoma led to the discovery of a new fault line and stoked fears among some scientists about activity along other unknown faults that could be triggered by oil and gas wastewater that's being injected deep underground.

State and federal regulators on Monday said 32 wells in northeastern Oklahoma must shut down because they are too near the newly discovered fault line that produced the state’s strongest earthquake on record on Sept. 3.

Jeremy Boak, head of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, said it’s possible a large "”pulse” of disposed wastewater is slowly moving deep underground and triggered the temblor along the new fault located near the town of Pawnee, farther east than most of the previous earthquake activity in Oklahoma.

“My inclination is to worry about the (fault) we don'’t know about yet, more so than about another very large earthquake in this area,” Boak said. “My general feeling is that the rate of earthquakes is declining. I’m more concerned, I think, about whether there’s another one of these faults out here that is cued up and ready to go."

Boak said it's also possible that some aftershocks greater than magnitude 4 could still be triggered along the newly discovered fault that has yet to be named.

The Pawnee quake damaged more than a dozen buildings and slightly injured one man when part of a chimney collapsed.

Scientists, including those at the U.S. Geological Survey, believe the vast majority of the earthquakes in Oklahoma are triggered by the injection of wastewater from oil and gas production that is injected deep into the earth.

After the Pawnee quake, state and federal regulators immediately ordered wastewater-disposal wells to shut down or reduce volumes of wastewater within an 1,880 square-kilometre area.

That area was expanded on Tuesday to encompass 67 total wells. Some of the wells that were initially ordered to completely shut down will be allowed to resume at lower volumes, regulators said.

In all, the 75,000 barrels a day of wastewater that was being injected in the area is being reduced to about 35,000 barrels a day, said Jim Marlatt with the oil and gas division of the Oklahoma Corporation Commission.

Forcing oil and gas operators to stop injecting wastewater or reduce the amount they can inject means they can’t produce as much oil and natural gas.