Climate change threatens Canadian security, prosperity
OTTAWA Canada’s spy service warns that climate change poses a profound, ongoing threat to national security and prosperity, including the possible loss of parts of British Columbia and the Atlantic Provinces to rising sea levels.
A newly released analysis by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service also foresees an increase in ideologically motivated violent extremism from people who want to speed up climate change solutions and those more interested in preserving their current way of life.
The brief was prepared in April 2021 but only recently disclosed to The Canadian Press in response to an Access to Information request filed in October of that year.
CSIS spells out several concerns presented by global warming, ranging from looming dangers to Arctic, coastal and border security to serious pressures on food and water supplies. The spy service says its preliminary examination determines that climate change “presents a complex, long-term threat to Canada’s safety, security and prosperity outcomes.”
“There will be no single moment where this threat will crystallize and reveal itself, for it is already underway and will incrementally build across decades to come.”
A senior CSIS official flagged the service’s interest in tracking the fallout from climate shifts at a security conference in November 2021, saying the agency must continue to anticipate “the next threat” in order to support other government players.
“It’s not surprising that security agencies are starting to pay more attention to this because clearly climate change is starting to bite,” said Simon Dalby, a professor emeritus at Wilfrid Laurier University who studies climate effects, environmental security and geopolitics.
The CSIS brief is a more sophisticated framing of climate change as a security issue “than we see in most other federal government policies and documents,” said Will Greaves, a political scientist at the University of Victoria.
“It’s refreshing to see it coming from such a pointy security organ of the Canadian state.”
The brief says the Arctic’s receding ice coverage will allow for routine navigation of the Northwest Passage and extraction of oil and mineral deposits in the region might become more economically viable. “Great power competition for Arctic access, influence and control will likely intensify. There will be an escalating risk from significant Russian military activity and a growing China presence in this vital region.”
Rising waters could cause irretrievable loss of infrastructure and even whole communities along coastlines, CSIS warns. “For example, modelling shows the potential loss of significant parts of British Columbia and the Atlantic Provinces to rising sea levels and flooding.”
Taking steps to lessen the severity of flood and weather risks may be impractical, and buying insurance or rebuilding after a calamity will simply be too expensive in some cases, the brief says.
Anticipating such problems by making bridges and other infrastructure more robust is preferable to responding after a catastrophic event, Dalby said in an interview.
There is a role for the state in ensuring essential services such as communication and transportation networks continue to function.
Among the other effects CSIS anticipates:
■ The loss of biodiversity and habitat, coupled with environmental changes, will see people interact more with wildlife, increasing the risk of transmission of animalborne diseases to humans and possibly more frequent pandemics;
■ Arable land will be lost to pollution, human use and desertification, putting more stress on agricultural resources;
■ Freshwater resources will shrink due to environmental degradation and climate change pressures at a time when they are increasingly needed.
“Water may transition from an unseen commodity to one of the world’s most vital and contested resources.”
There will be no single moment where this threat will crystallize and reveal itself, for it is already underway and will incrementally build across decades to come. CSIS ANALYSIS