Breaking bread with violence

It’s time societies connected the dots between conflict and hunger

Last week I met with Aamir, a 29year-old Yemenite, living in Geneva since October 2018 and waiting for his application for asylum to be finalized.

We met outside a café on a brisk, overcast autumn day, where I offered to treat him to a coffee or a tea in exchange for the chance to listen to his story, one that he was worried to share. Worried for his family back in Yemen.

We took a small table among the quiet chatter of the café. Although I insisted, he politely declined my offer for the coffee or the tea. He paused for a moment, shifted his eyes away from mine, and began to share his story of a 16-month journey from Yemen to Geneva, via Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Greece — for 14 months in a camp in the Island of Chios — and Italy.

In Yemen, before the conflict Aamir was an electrician by apprenticeship. Now, he is starting over, beginning first with French classes. Only if his status is fully granted, he will start a four-year program so he can eventually gain the credentials to practise his trade in Switzerland.

Aamir left the country that he loves. Alone. “People have no food, no job, no more money and, of course, no security. The war created all this,” he told me. “How can I stay without work, without food, and unsure each day if I will live to see the next? I decided to leave my country, to leave my family and take my chance, far away from that violence …”

Hundreds of millions of people around the world caught up in armed conflict are living stories similar or much worse, having been pushed into hunger because they are stuck in the middle of a fight that is not their own. Some, like him, decide to leave the country. Many others stay hoping for help. Your help, our help.

The fact that conflict fuels hunger is no secret. Today, there are 815 million hungry people on the planet. Sixty per cent of these people (489 million) are living in conflict-stricken areas.

In 2018, conflict and insecurity were the primary drivers of hunger in 18 countries where 74 million people require urgent food aid.

There is a growing understanding that hunger may also contribute to conflict when coupled with poverty, unemployment or economic hardship. People who have no other options to earn money and thus nothing to lose may be more easily convinced to join armed groups that they otherwise may not have.

This is the reality in Somalia, where a study by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) of why people joined Al Shabab found that economic reasons were the biggest single factor. For some people the financial incentives may be the only way they can feed themselves and their families. In Nigeria, Boko Haram is reported to pay up to US$600 to recruit members to its movement and, in recent studies by ISS, economic incentives have been demonstrated to be a stronger driver of recruitment than religious extremism.

At times, parties to a conflict may also exploit conflict-induced food insecurity and attempt to leverage the threat of famine to their advantage — and target farms, markets, mills, storage sites and other infrastructure

At times, parties to a conflict may also exploit conflict-induced food insecurity and attempt to leverage the threat of famine to their advantage — and target farms, markets, mills, storage sites and other infrastructure needed for food production and distribution.

needed for food production and distribution — an act that is condemned and may constitute a war crime.

Prevention must be at the heart of development. Earlier and longerterm interventions to improve food security and invest in agriculture is one way to address the growing connections between conflict and hunger. In a world where we have the finances and technology to ensure that nobody goes to bed hungry, this goal is more realistic today than it has ever been before.

The final battle against hunger and conflict will occur in the minds of people — our political leaders — and involves tackling the fundamental factors that fuel hunger and conflict. Until then, WFP will continue to operate every day in Yemen, Somalia, Central African Republic and many of the world’s toughest active conflict zones, delivering food and saving lives. However, it shouldn’t have to be this way.