$30 billion pledged at summit to rebuild Iraq
KUWAIT CITY — International donors pledged $30 billion US to help rebuild Iraq after the war against the Islamic State group, Kuwait announced Wednesday, overcoming Western doubts and donor fatigue over Mideast crises to help the battle-ravaged nation.
While falling short of an estimated $88.2 billion needed to rebuild Iraq, it easily surpassed the $20 billion Iraqi officials initially said they needed to begin their difficult work. While much of the larger donations came in the form of loans, Iraq remains an oil-rich nation and such debts can be forgiven by the countries and institutions offering them.
The pledges, if followed through with funding, could give Iraq a chance to dig itself out of the rubble left by the Islamic State group and the chaos that followed the 2003 U.S.-led invasion that toppled dictator Saddam Hussein.
Still, much remains uncertain for Iraq and the greater Middle East. The Islamic State group, while dislodged from the third of Iraq it once held, remains a threat. Meanwhile, regional tensions could even be seen at a conference heralded by United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as an “enormous success.”
“Iraq has known too many hardships and we hope these hardships are now behind us,” Iraqi Foreign Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari said. “Investments are the only way for us to move forward. We must learn from the past and move forward.”
Officials offered no breakdown of the pledges, though some countries announced them on the floor of a meeting held Thursday at Kuwait City’s Bayan Palace. The biggest single pledge came from Turkey, which announced $5 billion in credit to Iraq, while Kuwait’s ruling emir said his oil-rich nation will give $1 billion in loans and $1 billion in direct investments.
The donation by Kuwait’s emir, the 88-year-old Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Sabah, showed the deep interest his nation has in making sure Iraq becomes a peaceful, stable country. Iraq also still owes Kuwait reparations from Saddam’s 1990 invasion that sparked the 1991 U.S.-led Gulf War.
“This large assembly of international communities that are here today is reflective of the large loss that Iraq withstood in facing terrorism,” Sheikh Sabah said. “Iraq cannot commence the mission of rebuilding itself without support, which is why we are all here today from all around the world, to stand by Iraq’s side.”
Other major donations included both Saudi Arabia and the Kuwait-based Arab Fund each pledging $1.5 billion. Qatar pledged $1 billion in financing and donations, while Britain pledged $1 billion in export credits over 10 years.
The United Arab Emirates pledged $500 million, as did the Islamic Development Bank. The UAE’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Anwar Gargash also tweeted there would be $5.5 billion in private investments from his country home to Dubai and oil-rich Abu Dhabi, without elaborating.
The European Union also pledged 400 million euros ($494 million US). The U.S., while not offering direct donations, did agree to providing more than $3 billion in loans and financing to American firms wanting to invest in Iraq.
Officials acknowledged a feeling of fatigue from international donors, especially after the wars in Iraq and Syria sparked the biggest mass migration since the Second World War. Even in Kuwait, some questioned donating cash while its own country needs investment.
Iraq is OPEC’s second-largest crude producer and home to the world’s fifth-largest known reserves, though It has struggled to pay international firms running them. That’s even after the U.S. alone spent $60 billion over nine years — about $15 million a day — to rebuild Iraq after overthrowing Saddam in 2003.
About $25 billion went to Iraq’s military, which disintegrated during the lightning 2014 offensive of the Islamic State group, an outgrowth of al-Qaida in Iraq. U.S. government auditors also found massive waste and corruption, fuelling suspicions of Western politicians such as U.S. President Donald Trump who want to scale back foreign aid.