Study finds vitamin D use means fewer fractures

Increased dose in diets helped young women avert bone degeneration

In a new study, girls and young women who got lots of vitamin D through their diet and supplements were half as likely to suffer a stress fracture as those who didn’t get much of the vitamin.

Stress fractures are small cracks in the bone that typically affect people who do lots of high-impact exercise, like running or gymnastics. And they’re especially concerning in teen girls because bone strength at that age is tied to the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

“This study can add to the existing thought that adolescent girls and young women should be particularly cognizant of getting their vitamin D,” said Kendrin Sonneville, from Children’s Hospital Boston, who worked on the study. Researchers have wondered whether eating a high-calcium diet with lots of dairy products might protect girls against stress fractures. But in the new study, it was higher levels of vitamin D that were tied to fewer injuries — not calcium.

Still, the findings can’t prove that the vitamin prevents fractures, since it’s possible there were other differences between girls who ate high- and low-vitamin D diets that the researchers couldn’t measure.

For this study, they followed close to 7,000 girls who were daughters of women participating in the longterm Nurses’ Health Study.

Starting when the girls were between 9 and 15 years old, the researchers surveyed them every year or so between 1996 and 2001 about their typical eating habits and use of vitamin supplements. From that information the scientists calculated how much vitamin Deach girl got in a typical day.

Then, in 2004, Sonneville’s team asked the girls’ mothers whether their daughter had been diagnosed with a stress fracture from 1997 on.

Just under 4 per cent of the girls had had a stress fracture, with a much higher risk seen among those who did high-impact exercise for at least an hour a day, according to findings published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.

While there was no link between how much calcium girls and young women got in their diets and their chance of getting injured, those with the greatest daily vitamin D intake were half as likely to have a stress fracture as those who got the least.

“We know that calcium is important for bone health, so we were surprised to find that vitamin D was only found to be protective,” Sonneville said. Still, she added, “Our findings in no way suggest that calcium is not important.”

Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption, she explained.

Doctors are paying more attention when it comes to vitamin D levels as they relate to fracture risk and healing, according to Dr. Daniel Green, who has studied stress fractures in adolescent athletes at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York.

“Often the kids who are taking a longer time to heal we’re finding end up having low vitamin D levels in their blood,” said Green, who wasn’t involved in the new study. The new study was funded by Children’s Hospital and the National Institutes of Health, and some of the researchers report relationships with pharmaceutical and medical device companies.

Vitamin D is naturally present in fatty fish, but is also added to dairy products like milk and yogurt. The Institute of Medicine recommends kids and adults get 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily. Girls in the study were getting an average 376 IU per day.