CIA saw a ‘pragmatic’ PM in Mulroney
Declassified notes reveal analyses of government
OTTAWA— The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency saw Brian Mulroney’s new government as a welcome alternative to the “gratuitous negative” attitude of the often prickly Pierre Trudeau, declassified documents show.
The CIA cautiously assessed the “boy from Baie Comeau” as a more amiable ally than the occasionally irascible Trudeau in a September 1984 memo written three weeks after Mulroney’s Progressive Conservatives swept to power, ousting the long-entrenched Liberals.
The intelligence agency did not expect a wholesale shift from Mulroney, but cautiously greeted his “conciliatory and constructive” approach.
On East-West trade, relations with the Communist world and U.S. involvement in Central America, the CIA believed the Tories would “steer a pragmatic course,” supporting Washington when in Canada’s interest and chastising it otherwise, says the memo.
“Unlike Trudeau, however, we expect Mulroney to refrain from gratuitous negative comments about U.S. foreign policy and to remain evasive or silent when it is politically possible to do so.”
The Canadian Press obtained several CIA analyses of Mulroney’s early months in office through the U.S. Freedom of Information Act. Portions of the records, quietly declassified by the agency in recent months, remain secret. Though Mulroney was widely seen as blatantly trying to cosy up to Ronald Reagan’s Republicans — even singing “When Irish Eyes are Smiling” with the U.S. president in the spring of1985 — the intelligence agency looked beyond the photo ops in an attempt to divine the prime minister’s political intentions.
It also tried to characterize Mulroney’s style based on his limited political dabbling to that point.
“As a politician, Mulroney — much like the most successful Canadian prime minister, the Liberal Mackenzie King — can be best described as a ‘trimmer,’ ready to adjust to changing political winds and relatively unconcerned with consistency in policies.”
The CIA argued that although Mulroney’s “winning personality” and status as a son of Quebec were prime assets for the Tories, building an effective political organization in the province would “not be easy.” Indeed, by the turn of the next decade, the Tories’ grip on the province would fail following failed constitutional overtures. The intelligence agency sized up the Mulroney government’s likely course of action on foreign invest- ment, defence policy, energy strategy, the environment and fisheries. A May 1985 CIA paper on the politics of Canadian defence policy lambasted Trudeau’s “deliberate neglect” of the military during his16 years in office.
“In our opinion, Canadians generally think little about defence and when they do, reject outright the idea of giving defence priority over maintaining the social welfare system,” says the brief.
“These attitudes made it easy for Trudeau to ignore defence, and will make it very difficult for Mulroney to implement a more expensive and efficient defence program.”
The CIA concluded that Tory defence efforts for the foreseeable future would be more rhetoric than substance — an accurate assessment in many eyes given that promised budgetary and troop increases would evaporate.
Still, the CIA perceived tangible, if subtle, shifts on foreign policy in Nicaragua, where the U.S. staunchly opposed the socialist Sandinistas.
Despite its familiarity with Canadian politicians and their inclinations, the CIA’s prognostications weren’t always on target.
Early on, the agency felt Mulroney was giving environmental issues short shrift, assigning the portfolio to a freshman MP, Suzanne BlaisGrenier.
However, his government went on to create several national parks, pass key environmental legislation and ratify international treaties, winning him plaudits.