LACROSSE STICKS WITH TRADITION
Deep within an Onondaga Nation forest, Alf Jacques gives thanks to each sacred hickory he fells. Then, he carves traditional lacrosse sticks — at least eight from a single tree — to be used in the Creator’s game
As Montreal prepares to re-enact an 1867-style lacrosse game, craftsman Alf Jacques explains what goes into a stick — including the spirit of the tree.
A game from 1867
Montreal hosts the 150th Anniversary of Lacrosse Celebration, June 16-18, to showcase the game’s indigenous history, culture and evolution to modern sport as part of Canada’s 150th birthday festivities. A scripted re-enactment of an 1867-style lacrosse game — using the 19th-century rules of Montreal dentist George Beers — with players (students from Kahnawake) dressed in authentic clothing is an event highlight. The game takes place June 17, on McGill University’s lower field in downtown Montreal. This field was used by the Montreal Lacrosse Club and the Kahnawake Mohawk in the early 1870s.
Wooden sticks
Six stickmakers from across the Iroquois Confederacy will supply the handmade wood-and-mesh sticks for the re-enactment. Doing the crafting: Alf Jacques of Onondaga Nation (near Syracuse, N.Y.); Ron Patterson, Oneida (east of Syracuse); Richard Big Kettle, Seneca (south of Buffalo); Travis Gabriel, Mohawk from Oka, Que.; Preston Jacobs, Mohawk from Kahnawake, Que.; and Mitchell Sticks, a Mohawk company from Akwesasne, Ont.
The sacred tree
“Hickory is a sacred tree in our culture,” said Alf Jacques, 68, a stickmaker for 55 years. Before a hickory is cut down, tribute is paid. “You give thanks for the tree. Thank the Creator for the tree,” said Jacques, an Onondaga Turtle Clan member. “When you make the lacrosse stick out of this living tree, the energy and the spirit of that living tree is transferred into the lacrosse stick (and) to the person who’s using it . . . It’s not just a chunk of wood from the lumber yard. It’s more precious.” Onondaga Nation men are buried with their traditional lacrosse sticks so they can play the Creator’s game in the spirit world with their ancestors, Jacques said of the Onondaga legend.
Axe and wedges
Jacques chooses a shagbark hickory with a straight trunk. No knots or limbs for the first three metres off the forest floor. Such a tree is at least 100 years old, weighs about 90 kilograms and is carried from the woods by hand. (Jacques carries hickory nuts with him, planting seeds for new trees whenever he’s in the forest.) In Jacques’ workshop, he splits the tree into eighths — sometimes sixteenths — using a wooden mallet, axes and wooden wedges. The lengths, still bearing bark, are hung for at least one month to dry.
Bending wood The lengths of wood are then steamed under carpets atop a 1,000-litre drum filled with water for about 45 minutes to an hour. The wood needs to be pliable for Jacques to bend the top almost in the shape of a question mark into the lacrosse head shape. A wire is slid over the shaped head to hold it in place while it’s dried for another six months. Carving Jacques learned the stick making craft from his father, Louis. For decades, Jacques used his dad’s draw knife, made in 1832, to remove bark and to carve the stick to its final form. When the blade became too thin, he bought another antique knife — also stamped as made in 1832. “It’s a good weight and when you’re using a good knife, you understand they were made with the carver in mind,” Jacques said.
Finishing touches More steaming. The stick is steamed to straighten the handle and balance the piece. Final trims are made. Holes are drilled by hand into the head shape (no measuring needed: “I’ve been doing this a long time; I know where they go,” Jacques said) to later weave in the mesh pocket and rawhide “wall.” Jacques belt-sands the stick, signs and dates it. He burns in his logo before the entire piece is varnished and ready for the woven pocket. Rawhide Jacques buys a large, raw salted cow hide that he cleans of tissue and fur, then soaks until it’s soft. He has a “secret” process to turn the hide into a skinny, unbroken string that’s nearly 600 metres long. He spins it onto spools and later hangs it, criss-crossing his barn, to stretch and dry. The hardened rawhide must be moistened before Jacques can weave it into a “wall” that bridges the small opening between the head and the handle of the wooden stick. (Aluminum sticks have self-contained plastic heads.) Once the wall is established (the rawhide will harden again), Jacques threads in mesh — using nylon and leather strands — to give the stick its pocket. The one-of-a-kind sticks sell for upwards of $300.