Girl’s HIV infection seems under control without AIDS drugs

A South African girl born with the AIDS virus has kept her infection suppressed for more than eight years after stopping anti-HIV medicines — more evidence that early treatment can occasionally cause a long remission that, if it lasts, would be a form of cure.

Her case was revealed Monday at an AIDS conference in Paris, where researchers also gave encouraging results from tests of shots every month or two instead of daily pills to treat HIV.

“That’s very promising” as a way to help people stay on treatment, said Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top AIDS scientist in the U.S., of the prospects for long-acting drugs.

Current treatments keep HIV under control but must be taken indefinitely. Only one person is thought to be cured — the so-called Berlin patient, a man who had a bone-marrow transplant in 2007 from a donor with natural resistance to HIV.

But transplants are risky and impractical as possible cures for the millions already infected. So some researchers have been aiming for the next best thing — long-term remission, when the immune system can control HIV without drugs even if signs of the virus remain.

Aggressive treatment soon after infection might enable that in some cases, and the South African girl is the third child who achieved a long remission after that approach.

She was in a study sponsored by the agency Fauci heads, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which previously found that early treatment helped babies survive.

The girl, whom researchers did not identify, started on HIV drugs when she was 2 months old and stopped 40 weeks later. Tests when she was 91⁄ years old found signs of virus in a

2 small number of immune system cells, but none capable of reproducing.

The girl does not have a gene mutation that gives natural resistance to HIV infection, Fauci said, so her remission seems likely due to the early treatment. The previous cases: A French teen who was born with HIV and is now around 20 has had her infection under control despite no HIV medicines since she was roughly 6 years old.

A Mississippi baby born with HIV in 2010 suppressed her infection for 27 months after stopping treatment before it reappeared in her blood. She was able to get the virus under control again after treatment resumed.

At least a dozen adults also have had remissions lasting for years after stopping HIV medicines.

A study is testing whether treating HIV-infected newborns within two days of birth can control the virus later after treatment stops.