U.S. museum’s quest for meteorite found in N.B. faces legal complication
Exporting space debris without permit can attract massive fine and jail time
Catch a falling star if you can, and by all means put it in your pocket, but don’t try to cross international borders with it lest you run afoul of a little-known Canadian law.
An American museum will have to navigate that law’s intricacies should it try to buy portions of a meteorite believed to have landed in New Brunswick last month.
A fireball ripped through the Earth’s atmosphere on April 8 and landed somewhere in the province, prompting the Maine Mineral and Gem Museum to offer a $25,000 (U.S.) reward for the first one-kilogram meteorite recovered.
But Chris Herd, a professor at the University of Alberta and curator of its meteorite collection, said obtaining the asteroid fragments won’t be as simple as making an offer. “In Canada, all meteorites are considered Canadian cultural property automatically through the Cultural Property Export and Import Act,” he said. “If it’s public property, say an American comes in and finds (the meteorite,) they have to apply to export it from Canada. They may not actually take it out of Canada unless they have an approved export permit.”
The museum in Bethel, Maine, has openly expressed interest in obtaining some of the space debris if and when it’s found.
Darryl Pitt, head of the museum’s meteorite division, said doppler radar readings suggest the meteorite — which most likely originated from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter — was likely scattered over the part of New Brunswick straddling Maine.
Herd said meteorites can be identified by a dark brown or black outer glassy crust that resembles an eggshell, he said.
“That’s a telltale sign that it’s come through the Earth’s atmosphere from space,” he said, noting they’re usually dense and surprisingly heavy.
The person who finds a whole or partial meteorite on public property must complete an export application that’s reviewed by an expert examiner, said Herd, who is one of several in Canada.
“The expert examiner then might say, ‘well, this is of potential outstanding significance and national importance,’ ” he said.
“If the expert examiner says, ‘Oh, I think this is significant, and important,’ then (the Canadian Border Services) will recommend refusal of the export permit.”
The file then goes to a cultural property export review board, which can disagree with the expert examiner and let the meteorite be exported. Alternatively, it can impose a six-month embargo period during which Canadian institutions can offer to buy the meteorite for a fair market price, he said.
Anyone taking a meteorite out of Canada without the requisite permit can face fines of up to $25,000, as much as five years in prison or both.