TODAY IN HISTORY

• In 1758, Louisbourg, the great French citadel on Cape Breton Island, surrendered to the British. The fortress capitulated after an eight-week siege by a British force of 27,000 men and 157 ships. With the surrender, the French were driven from the Maritimes.

• In 1875, psychologist Carl Jung was born in Kessevil, Switzerland. He founded analytical psychology and introduced the concepts of introvert and extrovert personalities.

• In 1881, the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed as far as Winnipeg.

• In 1936, King Edward VIII unveiled the Vimy Ridge Memorial at the site of the 1917 First World War battle in northern France. The memorial was designed by Canadian sculptor Walter Allward. The monument took 11 years to build. Several thousand Canadians made a pilgrimage to the site for the dedication.

• In 1945, Winston Churchill resigned as Britain’s prime minister after his Conservatives were soundly defeated by the Labour Party in a general election. Clement Attlee became the new prime minister.

• In 1953, a young Havana lawyer named Fidel Castro led a group of revolutionaries in an ill-fated attack on an army post in Santiago de Cuba. Army and police supporters of Cuban dictator Flugencio Batista defeated the attack and imprisoned many of the revolutionaries, including Castro.