Berger helped Clinton craft U.S. foreign policy from 1997 to 2001
WASHINGTON — Former U.S. national security adviser Sandy Berger, who helped craft president Bill Clinton’s foreign policy and got in trouble over destroying classified documents, died Dec. 2 of cancer. He was 70.
Berger was White House national security adviser from 1997 to 2001, when the Clinton administration carried out airstrikes in Kosovo and against Saddam Hussein’s forces in Iraq.
Berger, a lawyer, also was deeply involved in the administration’s push for free trade, and in the response to al-Qaida’s bombing of American embassies in East Africa.
He was deputy national security adviser during Clinton’s first term, and had previously worked in the State Department in president Jimmy Carter’s administration.
“Today, his legacy can be seen in a peaceful Balkans, our strong alliance with Japan, our deeper relationships with India and China,” President Barack Obama said in a statement.
In 2005, Berger pleaded guilty to illegally removing classified documents from the National Archives by stuffing some papers in his pant leg.
He cut up some of the documents with scissors, for reasons that remain unclear. He was sentenced to probation and a $50,000 fine. He expressed regret for his actions.
Out of government, he helped found an international consulting firm that in 2009 merged with one run by former secretary of state Madeleine Albright.
“He cared deeply about where this country was going and what we could do to solve problems,” Albright said in a telephone interview. “That was the basis of his life, was to make a difference.”
Berger presided over foreign policy during what was a relatively serene period between the fall of the Soviet Union and the September 2001 terrorist attacks.
The biggest trouble spot was the Balkans, where the breakup of the former Yugoslavia spawned a series of civil wars.
The U.S. and its NATO allies took military action against what they viewed as Serbian aggression, first in the conflict over Bosnia, and then in Kosovo.
Berger led White House meetings during NATO’s 11-week bombing of Kosovo in 1999.
He also played a key role in Operation Desert Fox, the fourday bombing of Iraq in 1998 over Saddam Hussein’s failure to comply with UN Security Council resolutions about weapons inspections.
Also in 1998, al-Qaida attacked U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. The Clinton administration responded with a cruise missile barrage against training camps in Afghanistan and a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan. The strikes did little to disrupt al-Qaida and became a thread in a long running criticism that Clinton and his team failed to properly respond to a burgeoning terrorist threat.
“There is no one I have relied on more these past eight years,” Clinton wrote Berger in a letter as the pair left office in January 2001. “You never flinched when American’s interests and values demanded that we make unpopular choices.”
Berger remained an important political and foreign policy figure in Washington. In August, he wrote an opinion piece for Politico in support of the Iran nuclear agreement.
“It is not without risks, and it does not solve the Iran threat in the region. But it will prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon for at least 15 years,” he wrote.
Berger is survived by his wife, Susan, in addition to three children and five grandchildren, Albright said.