Federal government spends $5.7 million to eradicate deer on Haida Gwaii islands
The federal government is spending $5.7 million over three years to eradicate introduced deer on six islands on Haida Gwaii, including the hiring of New Zealand sharpshooters to fire from helicopters and boats and on the ground with tracking dogs.
The program, which enters its second year of eradication this spring, is designed to allow vegetation on the islands to recover from foraging by Sitka black-tailed deer, which were introduced to Haida Gwaii for hunting starting in 1898.
The islands involved in the eradication program — Ramsay (largest at 1,600 hectares, and the primary focus), Murchison, Bischof, Faraday, House and Hotspring — are grouped within Juan Perez Sound within the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site.
In 2017, 598 deer were shot from March to October and their meat distributed for food on Haida Gwaii.
Five Kiwis who specialize in deer eradication were hired to fire mostly .223 Remington rifles from low-flying helicopters and from the ground with tracking dogs, a mixture of breeds including Hungarian vizsla equipped with GPS collars so hunters could follow them to the deer.
Shooting also took place from boats along the shoreline.
Before the hunt, a sweep of the islands was conducted to ensure no one was camping there.
“Although we have a lot of great local hunters, we wanted people who are eradication specialists,” Robyn Irvine, project manager for Parks Canada, said in an interview.
“The deaths of these animals were as humane and quick as possible.”
New Zealand has a long history of dealing with introduced species, including deer and feral goats.
The SPCA confirmed it was impressed by the clean kills, which it said minimized the suffering to the deer.
“I was blown away at how professional it was,” said Sara Dubois, the SPCA’s chief scientific officer. “They would only take head shots — no body shots — and only if they could guarantee an instant kill.”
The program started by attracting the deer with a combination of dry corn, cedar boughs and fresh apples at bait stations, where some could be quickly picked off, then moved into a more aggressive and wide-ranging, seek-and-destroy mission throughout the islands.
Four Americans who specialize in wildlife behaviour also participated in the program as well as 32 residents of Haida Gwaii, both Haida and non-Haida, including four sharpshooters (one of whom joined the helicopter-based shooting ) as well as logistical and technical support.
Two non-profit organizations, Coastal Conservation and Island Conservation, also assisted.
Already, some vegetation is starting to return. Western red cedars, a tree strongly tied to Haida culture and artwork, are also expected to recover and grow to monumental size. Over time, the islands will even sound different, as species return to native habitat.
“The deer have had a crazy impact … on all levels of biodiversity,” Irvine said. “Invertebrates and insects of all kinds decrease with deer, the soil depth becomes thinner because of the trampling and browsing, and with the loss of shrub cover, you wind up with a loss of songbirds and seabird habitat.”
This year, the program will resume on a limited basis by boat and with dogs at Faraday Island, and it will end in 2019. Although a few hungry wolves might have accomplished the job, wolves are not native to Haida Gwaii either.
“That’s come up more than once,” Irvine said.
“To bring in one non-native species to deal with another one can sometimes cause more problems.”
Parks Canada is also involved in an ongoing program to eradicate introduced rats on Haida Gwaii to help protect seabird nesting colonies.