AUTO HISTORY
VW tried injecting excitement into its lineup with such 1960s offerings as the 1600 but the diminutive Beetle staunchly weathered the upgrades and remained a sales leader.
Although it was conceived as a low cost "people's car" in the 1930s by Ferdinand Porsche's Design Office under a commission from the Hitler government, the rear engine Volkswagen Beetle became an evergreen design.
It was produced in a huge government-built factory completed in 1938 in Wolfsburg, State of Lower Saxony. Production was soon interrupted by the Second World War and serious VW output didn't begin until after the war. During the war VW based Jeep-type Kubelwagens were built.
Beetles were also manufactured in other locations, including Mexico, and when production finally ended there in July, 2003 more than 22 million had been manufactured. A new front engine Beetle was introduced in 1998.
The first two Beetles were imported into the United States in 1949and began arriving in greater numbers in the 1950s. Good fuel economy, fun-to-drive characteristics and robust durability, backed by an excellent service network, gradually increased its popularity. It soon rose to become the top selling import. Volkswagen arrived in Canada in 1952.
As much as Heinz Nordhoff, director general of the Volkswagenwerk (VW factory) loved and was dedicated to the Beetle, it had disadvantages. It was cramped, noisy, skittish in cross winds and had limited luggage space. The heater that pumped heated air from the engine into the cabin was marginal.
By the late 1950s Volkswagenwerk recognized the Beetle's limitations, especially for North America. The competition was getting bigger, faster and more comfortable and Beetle owners had no VW to move up to when they needed more space.
Thus in 1961 Volkswagen announced the attractive, all-new 1500 two-door notch-back sedan. It bore no resemblance to the Beetle and was an addition, not a replacement. It retained VW’s traditional features.
As in the Beetle the engine was a flat, air cooled, four cylinder behind the rear axle. But whereas the Beetle's vee-beltdriven air cooling fan was mounted vertically on top of the engine and driven from the generator, the 1500’s fan was on the end of the crankshaft. This reduced engine height to just 381 mm (15 in.) allowing a shallow trunk above the engine to augment the underhood one.
It was a more elegant solution than the Chevrolet Corvair's horizontally mounted fan rotated by a contorted drive belt twisting in four different directions. The 1500's oil cooler was mounted horizontally not vertically as in the Beetle. A side draft carburetor further contributed to the lowness.
Suspension was VW's fourwheel independent, torsion bar type, but instead of Dr. Porsche's laminated torsion bars in front anchored at the centreline of the car, the 1500 had lateral solid bars anchored at opposite sides of the car.
Rear suspension was similar to the Beetle's with swing axles, short lateral torsion bars and trailing arms. The track was 58 mm (2.3 inches) wider than the Beetle's but its wheelbase was the same 2400 mm (94.5 in.). It weighed 889 kg (1,960 lb) compared with the Beetle’s 758 (1,670).
As its name implied the 1500 had a 1.5 litre (1,493 cc) engine while the Beetle had only 1,192 cc. It was an all-new design developing 53 horsepower compared with the Beetle's 40. Both used an all-synchromesh four-speed overdrive transmission, allowing VW to continue advising that "top speed is the cruising speed."
The engine was accessible by raising the trunk floor, but the oil dipstick and filler could be accessed without disturbing the luggage. As with the Beetle, the engine could be lowered out of the bottom of the car in a few minutes.
In spite of the new model's extra power over the Beetle, Road & Track (5/62) found its acceleration wasn't much quicker. They recorded zero to 97 km/h (60 mph) in 24.0 seconds for the 1500, and 27.7 for the Beetle. The 1500 was considerably faster in top speed however: 133 km/h (82.4 mph) versus 115 (71.4).
The 1500 would come as a notchback sedan, fastback sedan and squareback (station wagon), also known as the Variant. In 1965 engine size was increased to 1,584 cc (96.6 cu in., raising horsepower to 65. R & T (1/66). They found that while the 1600's top speed was the same as before, the zero to 97 (60) acceleration was now a more respectable 18.9 seconds.
The 1500 began arriving in North America in 1962, with the 1600 coming in 1965 as a '66 model. The 1500 lasted through to 1968 and the 1600 to 1973. The 1600 had the distinction of introducing the first electronic fuel injection in 1968. The 1600 was replaced by the larger but rather short-lived 411 model.
Ironically, while it was bigger, faster and more stylish than the Beetle, and offered in a variety of body configurations, the VW 1500/1600 was outlasted by the ubiquitous, and by now iconic, Beetle.