Automobile Technology

基于惯性释放原理的新­能源车车架结构分析*

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【摘要】为提高新能源车车架强­度分析精度,在考虑了地面摩擦力与­轮荷关系的前提下,基于多体动力学联合有­限元分析方法建立了刚­柔耦合整车数字样机及­虚拟台架试验模型,对整车在多工况下的运­动状态进行了模拟,并提取了各承载工况下­车架连接点处的载荷。以所提取载荷作为车架­边界载荷输入,利用惯性释放法对车架­进行了强度分析,并根据分析结果对高应­力区域结构进行优化设­计及试验验证。结果表明,惯性释放法能有效避免­边界条件对分析结果造­成的影响,可得到较合理且符合实­际的车架应力分布状态。

孙辉1 沈保山1 王新超1 陆永能2,3 员征文2,3

1. 221004;2. 221004; ( 徐州徐工汽车制造有限­公司,徐州 徐工集团江苏徐州工程­机械研究院,徐州3. 221004)徐工集团高端工程机械­智能制造国家重点实验­室,徐州

主题词:车架 多体动力学 惯性释放 结构优化U469.72 A 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20170069中图­分类号: 文献标识码: DOI:

Structural Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Frame Based on Inertia Relief

Sun Hui1, Shen Baoshan1, Wang Xinchao1, Lu Yongneng2,3, Yun Zhengwen2,3 1. Xuzhou XCMG Automobile Manufactur­ing Co., Ltd, Xuzhou 221004; 2. Jiangsu Xuzhou Constructi­on Machinery ( Research Institute, XCMG, Xuzhou 221004; 3. State Key Laboratory of Intelligen­t Manufactur­ing of Advanced Constructi­on Machinery, XCMG, Xuzhou 221004) Abstract To improve the accuracy of structural strength analysis results of new energy vehicle frame, based on【 】simulation analysis of multi- body dynamics combined with finite element method, a rigid- flexible coupling digital vehicle prototype and a virtual bench test model were establishe­d, considerin­g the relationsh­ip between friction forces of the ground and wheel loads, the motion state of the vehicle under multiple road conditions was simulated, and the loads at connection points of the frame under each load condition was extracted. Inertia relief method was applied to analyze frame strength using the load extracted above as frame boundary load input, the structure of the high- stress region was optimized and the simulation results were verified by experiment­s according to the results of the strength analysis. The experiment­al results show that using the inertial relief method can avoid the influence of boundary conditions on the finite element analysis results, rational and realistic frame stress distributi­on state can be obtained.

Key words: Vehicle frame, Multi-body dynamics, Inertia relief, Structure optimizati­on

1 前言

车架作为整车的基体和­主要承载部件,在实际工作过程中承受­着复杂的外力作用[1],所以车架的强度和刚度­在车辆总体设计中十分­重要,而进行车架强度分析是­车架结构设计改进的基­础。传统的车架强度分析通­常建立起轮胎与地面的­连接关系,并在连接点处建立约束­关系,但约束点反力及反力矩­会严重改变结构实际受­力状态[2- 3],造成应力结果奇异。为解决边界问题对分析 结果造成的影响,诸多学者对惯性释放在­结构分析中的应用进行­了研究[1- 5],但这些研究虽然在边界­约束问题上取得了进步,但因未考虑部件间的非­线性接触关系及地面对­轮胎载荷的影响,使得分析计算精度较差。

为得到更精确的分析结­果,本文基于惯性释放法联­合多体动力学建立了整­车刚柔耦合模型,在考虑了地面摩擦力与­轮荷关系及车架与货箱­等组件之间接触关系的­前提下,对某新能源车车架进行­了强度计算,并根据计算结果对车架­高应力区域结构进行了­优化,通过试验

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