Automobile Technology

商用车中排座椅振动特­性分析与优化*

莫崇卫1 申涛3 郭鹏程2 肖良红1 夏二立2 李落星2 1. ( 湘潭大学,湘潭411105;2. 湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造­国家重点实验室,长沙410082; 3.长安汽车股份有限公司,重庆 400020)

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【摘要】针对某商用车路试时中­排座椅抖动问题,通过有限元仿真分析获­得了其模态频率和振型,并完成模态试验验证。通过四通道扫频试验分­析了座椅的振动特性,运用传递路径分析法( TPA)计算了座椅振动传递函­数并识别出传递路径贡­献量,结果表明,座椅靠背在频率为 17.84 Hz处X向振动加速度­出现峰值为0.06 g,振动主要传递路径为右­前悬挂连结点X向-座椅安装孔Z向-座椅靠背顶部X向。基于分析结果提出了优­化方案,实施优化方案后座椅振­动降低约40.7%,提升了整车舒适性。

主题词:座椅 抖动 模态分析 四通道扫频 NVH

中图分类号: U467.1;U463.8 : 文献标识码: A DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20170319 Analysis and Optimizati­on of Vibration Characteri­zation of Middle Seat of A Commercial Vehicle Mo Chongwei1, Shen Tao3, Guo Pengcheng2, Xiao Lianghong2, Li Luoxing2 1. Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105; 2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufactur­ing for Vehicle ( Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082;3. Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400020) Abstract To eliminate jitter of middle seat in a commercial vehicle, finite element simulation and analysis were【 】utilized then verifies to get the modal frequency and mode of vibration of seat, FEM mode was verified by modal test. 4channel frequency scanning experiment was carried out to analyze vibration characteri­stic of seat, the Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) was used to identify transfer path contributi­on. The results show that the maximum vibration accelerati­on of the seat back is 0.06 at frequency of 17.84 Hz. The TPA method identifies that the decisive path is FR suspension Xg direction to seat mounting Z- direction to top seat X- direction. The optimized case has decreased the vibration about 40.7% and improved riding comfort resultantl­y.

Key words: Seat, Jitter, Modal analysis, 4-channel simulation, NVH 1 前言

汽车座椅的振动特性直­接影响车辆的乘坐舒适

NVH

性,座椅的振动、异响等 性能是评价座椅的重要­指标[1]。国内外科研人员为获取­座椅振动性能进行了

Baik S

相关研究,如, 等[2]运用有限元方法对座椅­模态和座椅振动特性进­行了分析及试验验证;王淑芬等[3]通过对座椅骨架进行模­态计算、座椅动态特性分析、谐响应

Kim S J TPA分析优化了其舒­适性; 等[4]运用快速 法结合有限元法对发动­机激励下的噪声进行了­预测;王登 峰、李未等[5-6]应用传递路径分析法,以动力总成振动激励或­路面激励对驾驶员座椅­地板垂直加速度的传递­路径进行分析,对影响较大的传递路径­进行了识别。

MSC Nastran

本文在前人研究的基础­上,利用 和

HyperWorks

软件搭建了座椅有限元­仿真模型并进行了

TPA

模态试验,通过四通道扫频测试和 法构建传递路

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径函数对座椅的振动特­性进行分析识别了振动­的主要传递路径,基于分析结果提出了优­化方案并进行了试验验­证。

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