Automobile Technology

基于多目标SMC汽车­转向稳定性研究*

智淑亚 刘祥建 郭语 凌秀军(金陵科技学院南京21­1169)

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【摘要】为提高汽车转向稳定性,针对主动前转向(AFS)系统提出了一种基于可­变传动比转向系统(VGRS)的多目标滑模控制( SMC)策略。首先依据AFS系统工­作原理,建立了VGRS执行器­数学模型,构建了控制器输出转向­角与实际前轮转向角之­间的关系。然后以双自由度汽车控­制模型为基础,运用滑模变结构控制原­理,设计了以侧滑角和偏航­率为控制变量的滑模控­制器,分析了该控制系统的稳­定性。最后利用MATLAB­和 Simulink 软件,在仿真平台上分别进行­开环和闭环转向稳定性­控制的仿真试验,结果表明,与模糊PID策略相比, SMC策略中的侧滑角­和偏航率均有所降低,表明SMC策略能有效­提高汽车转向稳定性。 主题词:汽车 转向稳定性 控制器 多目标滑模控制 可变传动比转向系统中­图分类号: U461 文献标识码:A DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20180326

Research on Vehicle Steering Stability Based on Multi-Objective SMC

Zhi Shuya, Liu Xiangjian, Guo Yu, Ling Xiujun Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169) ( Abstract In order to improve the vehicle stability, a multi- objective Sliding Mode Control (SMC) strategy based on【 】Variable Gear Ratio Steering system (VGRS) was proposed for the Active Forward Steering (AFS) system. Firstly, the mathematic­al model of VGRS actuator was establishe­d according to the working principle of AFS system, then the relationsh­ip between the output steering angle of the controller and the actual front wheel steering angle was constructe­d. Then, on the basis of double degree of freedom motor control model, the sliding mode controller was designed using the principle of sliding mode variable structure control, with sideslip angle and yaw rate as control variable, and the stability of the control system was analyzed. Finally, using MATLAB and Simulink, simulation test of open loop and closed loop steering stability control was performed respective­ly on the simulation platform. The results show that the sideslip angle and yaw rate are reduced in SMC strategy compared with fuzzy PID, indicating that SMC strategy can effectivel­y improve the stability of vehicle steering.

Key words: Vehicle, Steering stability, Controller, SMC, VGRS 1 前言

汽车转向稳定性对提升­汽车的主动安全性具有­重要作用,关于汽车转向稳定性问­题国内外已有很多研

[1]

究,如,文献 在转向工况失稳特征的­基础上对稳定性

[2]

控制进行了研究;文献 提出了基于主动前转向­控制

PID [3]

的电动汽车的鲁棒偏航­稳定性模糊 策略;文献 利

3

用滑模变结构控制理论­设计了 种控制器,均可有效提

[4]

高汽车极端工况下的操­纵稳定性;文献 以侧滑角为

PID

控制变量,分别采用前馈和神经 两种控制算法,通

PID [5]

过仿真比较证明神经 算法优于前馈控制;文献 选 择侧滑角和横摆角速度­作为稳定性控制的控制­变量对电动汽车稳定性­进行滑模控制。这些文献很少以侧滑角­和偏航角为控制变量对­汽车转向稳定性进行滑­模控制,实际上前后轮胎的偏航­角与侧滑角和偏航率直­接相关,过度转向或转向不足都­将影响汽车转向稳定性。当侧滑角很小时,汽车的动态特性由偏航­率决定;严重侧滑时,侧滑角则迅速增大,仅用偏航率不能准确描­述汽车的动态特性。

AFS(Active Front Steering)

本文针对机械式 系统提

VGRS(Variable Gear Ratio Steering)

出一种基于 的多目标

SMC(Sliding Mode Control)

滑模变结构 控制策略,对侧

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